Mary

Diverse Viral Pathogens in Australian Canines: Limited Geographic Structure and the First Detection of an RNA Virus in Dingoes Viruses impose a substantial disease burden on dogs and the close relationship between dogs and humans may facilitate zoonotic disease emergence. Australia's geographic isolation, strict biosecurity m...

New preprint on canine viromes in Australia led by @jonathonmifsud.bsky.social. Includes the first RNA virus reported in dingoes - an unusual rotavirus A. Domestic dogs worldwide seem to carry a pretty similar set of viruses. www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1...

Here we provide evidence of henipaviruses in North America with the discovery of Camp hill virus in the Northern Short-Tailed Shrew, Alabama. Early release article available from EID
wwwnc.cdc.gov/eid/article/... #virology

Yeah! The nidos are a bit weird because the Mesoniviridae (insect-infecting) are the only known invert group to use Class I, and their sister group (Medioniviridae- tunicates and marine inverts) use Class II/"toga-like". I don't know what that means for the Mesonis.

Oh wow, thank you!

Tl;dr Tunicates are amazing, and you should care about them or at the very least care about their viruses.

They teach us about the ancient evolutionary history of our own viruses through virus-host co-divergence and demonstrate the role that recombination has played throughout that history.

What’s more is that glycoprotein usage is not congruent with our Nidovirales polymerase (RdRp) phylogeny, suggesting a complex history of glycoprotein switching throughout this order.

Our patchyvirus is not alone in its propensity for glycoprotein switching. We knew that some tunicate nidoviruses had toga-like glycoproteins (“Tognidoviruses”, Buck, et al., eLife, 2024). We found even more nido-like viruses with Class II (C-II) fusion proteins. The heat map shows FoldSeek probs.

But it’s not always so straightforward. We found a (-ssRNA) paramyxo-like virus that has a (+ssRNA) toga-like glycoprotein (blast results in table).

I have unofficially named this (maybe) new family the Patchyviridae after Patchy the Pirate from Spongebob. Thanks to my cousin David for that one.

We also observed this pattern in the novirhabdoviruses (which can make fish sick) and alphaviruses, again in red:

Phylogenetic tree of influenza PB1 segments

Answer: yes, and we think so.

We found multiple instances of influenza-like viruses in tunicate metatranscriptomes (shown in red) that fell towards the base of the clade. Here is the phylogeny for PB1, but the pattern held up for the other segments, too.

It turns out that not much is known about tunicate viruses.

And so we asked: Can we find relatives of vertebrate-infecting viruses in tunicate metatranscriptomes? That is, could the history of some vertebrate-infecting lineages actually date back to basal (invertebrate) chordates?

They might not look like much on the outside, but these guys can have a full complement of organs (and even friends!) inside. Importantly, as larvae they are free-swimming “tadpoles” that have a notochord, which makes them basal chordates.

Some background. We, along with every other vertebrate, are members of the Chordata – we have a spinal cord. But not all chordates are vertebrates! Meet: tunicates, our closest invertebrate chordate relatives.

This was another great collaboration with @grovearmada.bsky.social, @rhyshparry.bsky.social, the USyd team @eddieholmes.bsky.social and @jonathonmifsud.bsky.social, and non-bluesky users

Screen grab of title page from BioRxiv website

New preprint out now! The history of some RNA virus lineages that infect vertebrates might date back to our invertebrate ancestors.

Read more here: biorxiv.org/cgi/content/...

Detection of exotic biosecurity threat ribgrass mosaic virus and novel tobamoviruses through metatranscriptomic sequencing of animal gut content Ribgrass mosaic virus (RMV) and related viruses of the genus Tobamovirus (Virgaviridae) are cruciferous plant pathogens that represent a threat to global horticultural systems. In Australia, they are ...

Turns out that metatranscriptomic sequencing of animal gut contains can identify exotic plant viruses that are biosecurity threats. Work led by Jackie Mahar and Solomon Maina. www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1...

Next up is Mary Petrone @marypetrone.bsky.social who is Extending the evolutionary history of disease-causing RNA viruses. Mary has been sampling marine invertebrates and makes a compelling case that sponges and tunicates are exciting hot beds of virus evolution. #AVS12

I have been so impressed by the @ausvirologysoc.bsky.social meeting.

EXCELLENT talks, across all career stages. Amazing sense of community. Really positive and supportive meeting.

Plus, I beat @robull.bsky.social at the double-gloved tube capping challenge.

Thank you so much for hosting me!

Isolation of an infectious mammalian chu-like virus from tumor cells of the endangered Tasmanian devil (Sarcophilus harrisii) Jingchuvirales (negative-sense RNA viruses) were initially discovered in invertebrates, with both exogenous and endogenous jingchuviruses subsequently identified in fish, reptiles and mammals. To date...

First isolation of a chu-like virus (TDCV)....from primary facial (transmissible) tumor cells of the Tasmanian devil. Most closely related to a virus from a sea squirt 🤷‍♂️ Work led by @julienmelade.bsky.social with @erinharvey.bsky.social and Andy Flies et al. www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1...