Michael Bazaco

Pathogens, Vol. 15, Pages 273: Trypanosoma vivax in Water Buffaloes (Bubalus bubalis): A Host-Centered Synthesis of Pathogenesis, Epidemiology, Diagnosis, and Integrated Control with Implications for Tropical Production Systems Trypanosoma vivax is a hemoprotozoan parasite of major veterinary importance affecting domestic ungulates in Africa and the Americas. While traditionally addressed within cattle-centered paradigms, accumulating evidence indicates that water buffaloes (Bubalus bubalis) are both clinically susceptible and epidemiologically significant hosts. This structured narrative review provides a host-centered synthesis of global evidence on T. vivax infection in buffaloes, integrating pathogenesis, transmission biology, epidemiology, diagnostics, chemotherapy, and integrated control. The analysis encompasses literature from 2000 to 2025 and incorporates seminal experimental studies published prior to 2000 that established buffalo susceptibility and reservoir competence. Evidence from cyclical (tsetse-mediated) and mechanical transmission systems is comparatively interpreted to clarify host–parasite dynamics. The Amazon biome is discussed as a model system for high-density buffalo production under mechanical vector pressure, offering case-based contextualization without geographic restriction. Particular attention is given to immunopathological mechanisms, chronic low-parasitemia carriage, diagnostic sensitivity in subclinical infections, emerging trypanocide resistance, and ecological constraints on vector control. Controversies and buffalo-specific knowledge gaps are highlighted throughout. By adopting a buffalo-centered analytical framework, this review supports translational diagnostics, targeted surveillance, and sustainable control strategies for trypanosomiasis in tropical livestock systems.

Pathogens, Vol. 15, Pages 273: Trypanosoma vivax in Water Buffaloes (Bubalus bubalis): A Host-Centered Synthesis of Pathogenesis, Epidemiology, Diagnosis, and Integrated Control with Implications for Tropical Production Systems Pathogens

🇵🇸 Gaza Needs Your Support: Help Build a Lifeline for Students and Remote Workers! In Gaza, war has destroyed homes, blocked roads, and left countless people without work. Yet, amidst the rubble, hope remains. Students and remote workers face daily struggles—power outages, broken…

Closing out for the week: help HUNDREDS of students, workers, and displaced people in need of shelter, electricity, and internet. To work...to feed their families. To study...to rebuild their futures.

Click "weekly"/"monthly" on a five to keep Spark open: chuffed.org/project/spar...

When someone says „Scientists do not want you to know“ you can dismiss everything from there on. Scientists want you to know. They are desperate that you know. They can’t shut up about what they found out and want you to know.

Death to prediction markets profiting on war | Will Bunch Newsletter Plus, that time the U.S. pushed Iran regime change in 1953

Is there anything more disgusting than war? Yes...ghouls making hundreds of thousands of $$$ betting on when bombs will blow up girls schools of hospitals.

What's worse about Polymarket, Kalshi, etc. - the immorality, or the insider trading? Ban them!

My new column www.inquirer.com/columnists/a...

Galileo’s handwritten notes found in ancient astronomy text Discovery sheds new light on how famed astronomer came to lead a scientific revolution

Love this...

#GoScience!

www.science.org/content/arti...

oh hey look more proof positive that the best response to a trump lawsuit is “fuck you, make me.” hope everyone who gave in without a fight feels like the utter rubes they are.

You can be Covid-conscious (I am) but you shouldn't spread misinformation that vaccines don't prevent transmission. They do; they reduce transmission and severity, both of which appear to lower the risks of long Covid.

Here's why the messaging on Covid vaccines is still abysmal:

This is pretty explicitly anti-vaxx

x.com/hoolie_r/sta...

Rubio Bypasses Congress to Send Israel $4 Billion in Arms

Rubio declares an emergency to bypass Congress to send $4 bn of arms to Israel. The possible orders include more than 35,000 bombs that are 2,000 lbs each—which US military officers say are unsuitable for urban combat—but which are responsible for the lion's share of civilian casualties in Gaza.

If you thought their historical erasure was bad, you most definitely are not going to like their historical revisionism.

🗃️

I’m sitting here watching Molly of Denali with my kids on PBS and I know this is reductive as hell, but I just keep thinking about how we defunded stuff like this to have more money to murder people.

I like to distract myself from the terrifying political news by reading the ridiculous political news.

US-Israeli strike on girls' school kills at least 85 students, Iran's judiciary says At least 85 students have been killed in US-Israeli strikes that hit an Iranian girls' school in Hormozgan province, Iran's judiciary said on Saturday. Washington has not commented on the reported str...

We killed 85 schoolgirls. We are not the good guys.

A social media post from Donald J. Trump on Truth Social, posted 9 minutes ago. The text reads: "Iran tried to interfere in 2020, 2024 elections to stop Trump, and now faces renewed war with United States:" followed by a link to justthenews.com. Below is a link preview showing the article headline "Iran tried to interfere in 2020, 2024 elections to stop Trump, and now faces possible war with U.S." accompanied by a photo from what appears to be an Iranian protest or rally, showing demonstrators holding anti-Trump signs and posters with Persian text.

I am going to need every single person who said that misinformation was a moral panic to feel enough shame and regret that they leave public intellectual life.

To all those who are saying "I did not vote for this, this is not what I voted for when I voted for him!" -

Yes, you did. Yes, you did. Yes, you did.

We told you. We warned you. You didn't listen.

The inability of children to travel in a straight line under any circumstances in any media is truly fascinating.

Netanyahu Calls Iran Strikes Necessary To Prevent War He Just Started

Netanyahu Calls Iran Strikes Necessary To Prevent War He Just Started

The world could be such a nice place if we allowed it. It's all so goddamn unnecessary. There's no need for any of it. It's so beautiful here. It should be so cool to be alive

So this interview lasted 2 hours so this “you’re scaring me” part might seem like an overreaction or fearmongering to someone without that context.

There’s a lot of evidence to support my hypothesis that a potential H5N1 pandemic would be worse than COVID.

Epstein picture haters gonna hate.

This is fucking crazy right. Like truly insane. I know this dude is a wacko but this is totally berserker. Epstein raped and trafficked kids and filmed it. There's audio and video.

😮‍💨 I’m so tired. 😑

Have been listening in to today's hearing. So far, she's dodged questions on vaccines and Tammy Baldwin noted Means made $325K shilling supplements over the last 2 years. But sure, vaccine advocates are the one making bank. 🙃

😮‍💨 I’m so tired. 😑

Alsobrooks backs Casey Means into a corner about her failure to disclose her conflicts of interest to such an extent where Means has no response and just grants the point

I’d rather listen to Ben Shapiro and Timothy Pool discuss dating for 10 hours.

Kash Patel is such a fucking loser. He knows it too, and he knows everyone says it when he walks out of the room.

Don’t mess with measles. #IDSky

FBI Denies That Kash Patel Is Taking Personal Trip To Olympics On Agency Jet A report from CBS News said Patel flew on a Justice Department plane to Italy, with plans to watch Olympic hockey.

Department of Justice says that Kash Patel flew on a government plane to attend the Olympics men’s hockey finals in order to personally track down a Nancy Guthrie lead; girlfriend there as backup.

“…talk a stamp off an envelope”

(puts in brain file to use one day)