Gavin Hales's Avatar

Gavin Hales

@gmhales.bsky.social

Researching/discussing policing, crime and the criminal justice system. Senior Associate Fellow @policefoundationuk.bsky.social but my own views. Based in London, UK.

1,953 Followers  |  907 Following  |  1,068 Posts  |  Joined: 12.10.2023  |  2.2182

Latest posts by gmhales.bsky.social on Bluesky

Post image

If this is at all representative, ordinarily very few people arrested by the Met aren't already known by the police service www.whatdotheyknow.com/request/supe...

08.12.2025 22:35 โ€” ๐Ÿ‘ 0    ๐Ÿ” 0    ๐Ÿ’ฌ 0    ๐Ÿ“Œ 0

Just put any links in a reply

08.12.2025 22:27 โ€” ๐Ÿ‘ 0    ๐Ÿ” 0    ๐Ÿ’ฌ 1    ๐Ÿ“Œ 0

I'm tending towards the view that gaps in police self-defined ethnicity data need not limit the analysis of ethnic disproportionality, as long as ethnic appearance data are well completed. That's because SDE and EA generally align well at the record-level.

08.12.2025 19:35 โ€” ๐Ÿ‘ 1    ๐Ÿ” 1    ๐Ÿ’ฌ 0    ๐Ÿ“Œ 0

I'm tending towards the view that gaps in police self-defined ethnicity data need not limit the analysis of ethnic disproportionality, as long as ethnic appearance data are well completed. That's because SDE and EA generally align well at the record-level.

08.12.2025 19:35 โ€” ๐Ÿ‘ 1    ๐Ÿ” 1    ๐Ÿ’ฌ 0    ๐Ÿ“Œ 0
Post image Post image

Around 4/5 s60 stops over the last 2 years (83%) took place in the month of August, and 90% of those took place in Kensington & Chelsea or Westminster. That points to the use of s60 primarily being concerned with Carnival.

08.12.2025 18:02 โ€” ๐Ÿ‘ 1    ๐Ÿ” 1    ๐Ÿ’ฌ 0    ๐Ÿ“Œ 0

As I noted here, there is a generally high degree of agreement between SDE and EA data which suggests that at least for broad ethnic groups EA can be used fairly reliably in combination with SDE or even on its own to examine Qs like disproportionality. bsky.app/profile/gmha...

08.12.2025 17:41 โ€” ๐Ÿ‘ 0    ๐Ÿ” 1    ๐Ÿ’ฌ 1    ๐Ÿ“Œ 0
Post image

If you cross-tabulate the self-defined ethnicity (SDE) and ethnic appearance (EA) variables, you'll see that only 3.3% of s60 records have no EA recorded, and the gaps in SDE are almost all 'not stated', which means SDE was requested but not provided.

08.12.2025 17:40 โ€” ๐Ÿ‘ 0    ๐Ÿ” 1    ๐Ÿ’ฌ 1    ๐Ÿ“Œ 1
Post image Post image

Around 4/5 s60 stops over the last 2 years (83%) took place in the month of August, and 90% of those took place in Kensington & Chelsea or Westminster. That points to the use of s60 primarily being concerned with Carnival.

08.12.2025 18:02 โ€” ๐Ÿ‘ 1    ๐Ÿ” 1    ๐Ÿ’ฌ 0    ๐Ÿ“Œ 0

As I noted here, there is a generally high degree of agreement between SDE and EA data which suggests that at least for broad ethnic groups EA can be used fairly reliably in combination with SDE or even on its own to examine Qs like disproportionality. bsky.app/profile/gmha...

08.12.2025 17:41 โ€” ๐Ÿ‘ 0    ๐Ÿ” 1    ๐Ÿ’ฌ 1    ๐Ÿ“Œ 0
Post image

If you cross-tabulate the self-defined ethnicity (SDE) and ethnic appearance (EA) variables, you'll see that only 3.3% of s60 records have no EA recorded, and the gaps in SDE are almost all 'not stated', which means SDE was requested but not provided.

08.12.2025 17:40 โ€” ๐Ÿ‘ 0    ๐Ÿ” 1    ๐Ÿ’ฌ 1    ๐Ÿ“Œ 1
Post image

I wasn't aware until just now that the Home Office recently published the findings of the 2023 Police Activity Survey www.gov.uk/government/p...

07.12.2025 10:54 โ€” ๐Ÿ‘ 3    ๐Ÿ” 2    ๐Ÿ’ฌ 0    ๐Ÿ“Œ 0
Post image

I wasn't aware until just now that the Home Office recently published the findings of the 2023 Police Activity Survey www.gov.uk/government/p...

07.12.2025 10:54 โ€” ๐Ÿ‘ 3    ๐Ÿ” 2    ๐Ÿ’ฌ 0    ๐Ÿ“Œ 0

Replication is always helpful, but these tests are independent of policing and the Home Office

06.12.2025 22:10 โ€” ๐Ÿ‘ 0    ๐Ÿ” 0    ๐Ÿ’ฌ 0    ๐Ÿ“Œ 0

This is well worth your time

06.12.2025 15:51 โ€” ๐Ÿ‘ 2    ๐Ÿ” 0    ๐Ÿ’ฌ 1    ๐Ÿ“Œ 0
New PERF report helps police prepare for autonomous vehicles

"The future of autonomous vehicles and policing" www.policeforum.org/trending6dec25

06.12.2025 15:46 โ€” ๐Ÿ‘ 1    ๐Ÿ” 1    ๐Ÿ’ฌ 0    ๐Ÿ“Œ 0
Preview
Operational Testing of Facial Recognition Technology Why test? The Metropolitan Police Service (MPS) and South Wales Police (SWP) tested Facial Recognition Technology (FRT) with theย National Physical Laboratoryย (NPL). The NPL is a world-leading centre o...

science.police.uk/delivery/res...

06.12.2025 15:23 โ€” ๐Ÿ‘ 4    ๐Ÿ” 0    ๐Ÿ’ฌ 1    ๐Ÿ“Œ 0
Preview
Home Office admits facial recognition tech issue with black and Asian subjects Calls for review after technology found to return more false positives for โ€˜some demographic groupsโ€™ on certain settings

@syalrajeev.bsky.social your article on police retrospective facial recognition has been illustrated with a photo of a live facial recognition operation. The latter tech has been shown to not be biased when used with the correct settings. www.theguardian.com/technology/2...

06.12.2025 15:05 โ€” ๐Ÿ‘ 3    ๐Ÿ” 0    ๐Ÿ’ฌ 1    ๐Ÿ“Œ 0
Preview
Facial recognition technology tests: National Physical Laboratory Independent testing of facial recognition algorithms commissioned by the Home Office.

New evaluations of two retrospective #facialrecognition algorithms www.gov.uk/government/p...

05.12.2025 20:19 โ€” ๐Ÿ‘ 1    ๐Ÿ” 0    ๐Ÿ’ฌ 0    ๐Ÿ“Œ 0

Positive outcomes are everything except NFA, so the NFS picture will be identical but inverted.

An issue you have in Durham is v small numbers of non-White residents and people stopped, which will make the Black and Asian data more volatile/noisy.

01.12.2025 17:26 โ€” ๐Ÿ‘ 1    ๐Ÿ” 0    ๐Ÿ’ฌ 1    ๐Ÿ“Œ 0

'Black or Black British' (ditto Asian) is used to describe the wider grouping of Black ethnic identities, but Black British isn't offered as an option. That may mean that some people who would choose Black British choose Other Black instead.

01.12.2025 08:40 โ€” ๐Ÿ‘ 1    ๐Ÿ” 0    ๐Ÿ’ฌ 1    ๐Ÿ“Œ 0
Post image

Interestingly, the MPS workforce data includes Black British and Asian British options. Relatively large numbers in the former. www.met.police.uk/police-force...

01.12.2025 08:20 โ€” ๐Ÿ‘ 0    ๐Ÿ” 0    ๐Ÿ’ฌ 0    ๐Ÿ“Œ 0

My latest insights on stop and search. #7 is probably the most interesting.

30.11.2025 20:35 โ€” ๐Ÿ‘ 3    ๐Ÿ” 2    ๐Ÿ’ฌ 0    ๐Ÿ“Œ 0

My latest insights on stop and search. #7 is probably the most interesting.

30.11.2025 20:35 โ€” ๐Ÿ‘ 3    ๐Ÿ” 2    ๐Ÿ’ฌ 0    ๐Ÿ“Œ 0

What do the numbers of stops of Black people look like on a monthly basis? From the link above, 75 stops over 6 months is a tiny total.

30.11.2025 19:38 โ€” ๐Ÿ‘ 0    ๐Ÿ” 0    ๐Ÿ’ฌ 1    ๐Ÿ“Œ 0
Post image

Second, arrest v positive outcome rates.

12/

30.11.2025 16:36 โ€” ๐Ÿ‘ 1    ๐Ÿ” 0    ๐Ÿ’ฌ 0    ๐Ÿ“Œ 0
Post image

A couple of other charts, for the sake of completeness. First, positive outcome v S&S rates.

11/

30.11.2025 16:35 โ€” ๐Ÿ‘ 0    ๐Ÿ” 1    ๐Ÿ’ฌ 1    ๐Ÿ“Œ 0

I was thinking that in terms of the socio-economic status/class of those being stopped, S&S in Merseyside probably doesn't look v different to London (or Glasgow).

30.11.2025 15:42 โ€” ๐Ÿ‘ 0    ๐Ÿ” 0    ๐Ÿ’ฌ 1    ๐Ÿ“Œ 0

The implications of that include (1) SDE & EA can be used in combination to minimise gaps in ethnicity data (i.e. use EA to fill gaps in SDE); and (2) a wider Black grouping should include people with White/Black heritage in the Census denominator (ditto White/Asian for consistency).

29.11.2025 15:52 โ€” ๐Ÿ‘ 0    ๐Ÿ” 1    ๐Ÿ’ฌ 1    ๐Ÿ“Œ 0
Post image

Importantly, there is generally a high degree of alignment between SDE and officer-perceived ethnic appearance, especially for the main ethnic groups. Notably, at least 4/5 people who self-identify as White/Black mixed heritage are recorded as having a Black appearance.

29.11.2025 15:52 โ€” ๐Ÿ‘ 0    ๐Ÿ” 1    ๐Ÿ’ฌ 1    ๐Ÿ“Œ 0

@gmhales is following 20 prominent accounts