Rene Sugar

α-Ketoglutarate alleviates the pathogenesis of lupus and inhibits the activation and differentiation of B cells by promoting the expression of CD39 The abnormal activation and differentiation of B cells play an important role in the pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases, including systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Alpha-ketoglutarate (α-KG), a key metabolite in the tricarboxylic acid cycle, has ...

pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC...

"The findings of our study demonstrate that α-KG alleviates the pathogenesis of lupus and inhibits the activation and differentiation of B cells by increasing the expression of CD39."

α-Ketoglutarate alleviates the pathogenesis of lupus and inhibits the activation and differentiation of B cells by promoting the expression of CD39 The abnormal activation and differentiation of B cells play an important role in the pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases, including systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Alpha-ketoglutarate (α-KG), a key metabolite in the tricarboxylic acid cycle, has ...

pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC...

The abnormal activation and differentiation of B cells play an important role in the pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases, including systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE)."

α-Ketoglutarate alleviates the pathogenesis of lupus and inhibits the activation and differentiation of B cells by promoting the expression of CD39 The abnormal activation and differentiation of B cells play an important role in the pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases, including systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Alpha-ketoglutarate (α-KG), a key metabolite in the tricarboxylic acid cycle, has ...

α-Ketoglutarate alleviates the pathogenesis of lupus and inhibits the activation and differentiation of B cells by promoting the expression of CD39 #MECFS #LongCovid

pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC...

B1, B12, folic acid, copper deficiencies after #SARSCoV2 infection mimicking CIDP; also, new onset celiac #MECFS #LongCovid

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"The anticoagulant ticlopidine, which inhibits the purinergic receptor P2Y12, potentiated imipramine, elevating cAMP, a modulator of autophagy, reducing cell viability in culture, and increasing survival in glioma-bearing mice."

Dual Targeting of the Autophagic Regulatory Circuitry in Gliomas with Repurposed Drugs Elicits Cell-Lethal Autophagy and Therapeutic Benefit

PMID: 26412325 DOI: 10.1016/j.ccell.2015.08.012

YouTube video by TomithyTries Mayo Clinic FINALLY Finds the cause and treatment plan for my Long-Covid!

B1, B12, folic acid, copper deficiencies after #SARSCoV2 infection mimicking CIDP; also, new onset celiac #MECFS #LongCovid

youtu.be/ycvOtNOSUsM?...

"Once the presence of myeloneuropathy is established, all these patients should be subjected to a battery of tests."

"Blood levels of vitamin B12, folic acid, vitamins A, D, E, and K, along with levels of iron, methylmalonic acid, homocysteine, and calcium should be assessed."

"Deficiencies of vitamin B12, folic acid, copper, and vitamin E may lead to myeloneuropathy with a clinical picture of subacute combined degeneration of the spinal cord."

Approach to a case of myeloneuropathy Myeloneuropathy is a frequently encountered condition and often poses a diagnostic challenge. A variety of nutritional, toxic, metabolic, infective, inflammatory, and paraneoplastic disorders can present with myeloneuropathy. Deficiencies of vitamin ...

Approach to a case of myeloneuropathy #MECFS #LongCovid

PMID: 27293327 PMCID: PMC4888679 DOI: 10.4103/0972-2327.182303

Piezo2 Contributes to Traumatic Brain Injury by Activating the RhoA/ROCK1 Pathways Traumatic brain injury (TBI) can lead to short-term and long-term physical and cognitive impairments, which have significant impacts on patients, families, and society. Currently, treatment outcomes for this disease are often unsatisfactory, due at ...

Piezo2 Contributes to Traumatic Brain Injury by Activating the RhoA/ROCK1 Pathways

pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC...

Renal PIEZO2 is an essential regulator of renin The force-sensing ion channel PIEZO2 is an essential regulator of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS), a pathway that controls blood volume. Loss of PIEZO2 in the kidney cells that produce...

www.cell.com/cell/fulltex...

"- PIEZO2 regulates renin levels in mice
- Calcium oscillations in renin cells depend on PIEZO2
- PIEZO2 regulates induction of the RAAS during blood volume challenge
- PIEZO2 functions in parallel with other regulators of renin and the RAAS"

Renal PIEZO2 is an essential regulator of renin The force-sensing ion channel PIEZO2 is an essential regulator of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS), a pathway that controls blood volume. Loss of PIEZO2 in the kidney cells that produce...

Renal PIEZO2 is an essential regulator of renin

www.cell.com/cell/fulltex...

PIEZO2 in somatosensory neurons controls gastrointestinal transit The gastrointestinal tract is in a state of constant motion. These movements are tightly regulated by the presence of food and help digestion by mechanically breaking down and propelling gut content. Mechanical sensing in the gut is thought to be ...

PIEZO2 in somatosensory neurons controls gastrointestinal transit

pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC...

Underlying Piezo2 Channelopathy-Induced Neural Switch of COVID-19 Infection The focal “hot spot” neuropathologies in COVID-19 infection are revealing footprints of a hidden underlying collapse of a novel ultrafast ultradian Piezo2 signaling system within the nervous system. Paradoxically, the same initiating pathophysiology ...

pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC...

"The current opinion piece aims to promote future angles of science and research in order to further elucidate the not entirely known initiating pathophysiology of #SARSCoV2 infection."

Underlying Piezo2 Channelopathy-Induced Neural Switch of COVID-19 Infection The focal “hot spot” neuropathologies in COVID-19 infection are revealing footprints of a hidden underlying collapse of a novel ultrafast ultradian Piezo2 signaling system within the nervous system. Paradoxically, the same initiating pathophysiology ...

pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC...

"not to mention sleep disturbance with altered rapid eye movement sleep and cognitive deficit in the short term, and even as a consequence of #LongCovid."

Underlying Piezo2 Channelopathy-Induced Neural Switch of COVID-19 Infection The focal “hot spot” neuropathologies in COVID-19 infection are revealing footprints of a hidden underlying collapse of a novel ultrafast ultradian Piezo2 signaling system within the nervous system. Paradoxically, the same initiating pathophysiology ...

pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC...

"Moreover, this initiating Piezo2 channelopathy may also explain resultant autonomic dysregulation involving the medulla, hippocampus and heart rate regulation,"

Underlying Piezo2 Channelopathy-Induced Neural Switch of COVID-19 Infection The focal “hot spot” neuropathologies in COVID-19 infection are revealing footprints of a hidden underlying collapse of a novel ultrafast ultradian Piezo2 signaling system within the nervous system. Paradoxically, the same initiating pathophysiology ...

pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC...

"depending on the loci of #SARSCoV2 viral infection and intracellular entry."

Underlying Piezo2 Channelopathy-Induced Neural Switch of COVID-19 Infection The focal “hot spot” neuropathologies in COVID-19 infection are revealing footprints of a hidden underlying collapse of a novel ultrafast ultradian Piezo2 signaling system within the nervous system. Paradoxically, the same initiating pathophysiology ...

pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC...

"Therefore, the impairment of the proposed Piezo2-induced quantum mechanical free-energy-stimulated ultrafast proton-coupled tunneling seems to be the principal and critical underlying #COVID19 infection-induced primary damage along the brain axes,"

Underlying Piezo2 Channelopathy-Induced Neural Switch of COVID-19 Infection The focal “hot spot” neuropathologies in COVID-19 infection are revealing footprints of a hidden underlying collapse of a novel ultrafast ultradian Piezo2 signaling system within the nervous system. Paradoxically, the same initiating pathophysiology ...

pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC...

"glutamatergic synapse loss, inflammation and neurological states with the central involvement of the hippocampus and the medulla, but also the initiating pathophysiology without #SARSCoV2 viral intracellular entry into neurons as well."

Underlying Piezo2 Channelopathy-Induced Neural Switch of COVID-19 Infection The focal “hot spot” neuropathologies in COVID-19 infection are revealing footprints of a hidden underlying collapse of a novel ultrafast ultradian Piezo2 signaling system within the nervous system. Paradoxically, the same initiating pathophysiology ...

pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC...

"This Piezo2 channelopathy-induced neural switch could not only explain the initiation of disrupted cell-cell interactions, metabolic failure, microglial dysfunction, mitochondrial injury,"

Underlying Piezo2 Channelopathy-Induced Neural Switch of COVID-19 Infection The focal “hot spot” neuropathologies in COVID-19 infection are revealing footprints of a hidden underlying collapse of a novel ultrafast ultradian Piezo2 signaling system within the nervous system. Paradoxically, the same initiating pathophysiology ...

pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC...

"This common initiating microdamage is suggested to be the primary damage or the acquired channelopathy of the Piezo2 ion channel, leading to a principal gateway to pathophysiology."

Underlying Piezo2 Channelopathy-Induced Neural Switch of COVID-19 Infection The focal “hot spot” neuropathologies in COVID-19 infection are revealing footprints of a hidden underlying collapse of a novel ultrafast ultradian Piezo2 signaling system within the nervous system. Paradoxically, the same initiating pathophysiology ...

pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC...

"depending on the concentration and exposure to infecting #SARSCoV2 viruses."

Underlying Piezo2 Channelopathy-Induced Neural Switch of COVID-19 Infection The focal “hot spot” neuropathologies in COVID-19 infection are revealing footprints of a hidden underlying collapse of a novel ultrafast ultradian Piezo2 signaling system within the nervous system. Paradoxically, the same initiating pathophysiology ...

pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC...

"Paradoxically, the same initiating pathophysiology may underpin the systemic findings in #COVID19 infection, namely the multiorgan #SARSCoV2 infection-induced vascular pathologies and brain-body-wide systemic pro-inflammatory signaling,"

Underlying Piezo2 Channelopathy-Induced Neural Switch of COVID-19 Infection The focal “hot spot” neuropathologies in COVID-19 infection are revealing footprints of a hidden underlying collapse of a novel ultrafast ultradian Piezo2 signaling system within the nervous system. Paradoxically, the same initiating pathophysiology ...

pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC...

"The focal "hot spot" neuropathologies in #COVID19 infection are revealing footprints of a hidden underlying collapse of a novel ultrafast ultradian Piezo2 signaling system within the nervous system."

Underlying Piezo2 Channelopathy-Induced Neural Switch of COVID-19 Infection - PubMed The focal "hot spot" neuropathologies in COVID-19 infection are revealing footprints of a hidden underlying collapse of a novel ultrafast ultradian Piezo2 signaling system within the nervous system. Paradoxically, the same initiating pathophysiology may underpin the systemic findings in COVID-19 inf …

Underlying Piezo2 Channelopathy-Induced Neural Switch of #COVID19 Infection #SARSCoV2 #MECFS #LongCovid

pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40801614/

The SARS-CoV-2 trigger highlights host interleukin 1 genetics in Epstein-Barr virus reactivation Studies in large cohorts exposed to the same triggers associated with Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) reactivation and the follow-up of post-acute outcomes m…

www.sciencedirect.com/science/arti...

"Importantly, IL-1Ra was found to be substantially upregulated in the plasma of patients with a severe manifestation of #COVID19, which may have contributed to EBV reactivation."

The SARS-CoV-2 trigger highlights host interleukin 1 genetics in Epstein-Barr virus reactivation Studies in large cohorts exposed to the same triggers associated with Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) reactivation and the follow-up of post-acute outcomes m…

www.sciencedirect.com/science/arti...

"contributes to the impaired attraction of effector cells to the site of infection and provides EBV-infected cells with a survival advantage by dampening excessive inflammation, as demonstrated by others."

The SARS-CoV-2 trigger highlights host interleukin 1 genetics in Epstein-Barr virus reactivation Studies in large cohorts exposed to the same triggers associated with Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) reactivation and the follow-up of post-acute outcomes m…

www.sciencedirect.com/science/arti...

"Dysregulated IL-1 signaling in individuals with a genetic risk in the IL1 gene cluster, characterized by increased expression of IL-1Ra along with decreased expression of IL-1α, IL-1β, and IL-1R1,"

The SARS-CoV-2 trigger highlights host interleukin 1 genetics in Epstein-Barr virus reactivation Studies in large cohorts exposed to the same triggers associated with Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) reactivation and the follow-up of post-acute outcomes m…

www.sciencedirect.com/science/arti...

"The key role of dysregulated IL-1 signaling in EBV infection/reactivation is also supported by the observation that EBV-derived microRNAs downregulate IL-1R1 during infection, disrupting IL-1 signaling and attenuating host cellular reactivity to IL-1 stimuli."