The Journal of Infectious Diseases

Elevated Spleen Tyrosine Kinase in Low-Density Neutrophils During Bacterial Sepsis in a Nonhuman Primate Model Sepsis is a leading cause of death world-wide. Identifying novel host-directed therapeutic targets may improve sepsis outcomes.

Elevated Spleen Tyrosine Kinase in Low-Density Neutrophils During Bacterial Sepsis in a Nonhuman Primate Model

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Genomic and phenotypic insights into antibiotic resistance and virulence of Klebsiella pneumoniae from the environment in Southern Taiwan Klebsiella pneumoniae is a major human pathogen responsible for healthcare- and community-associated infections and a critical contributor to the global antimicrobial resistance (AMR) crisis.

Genomic and phenotypic insights into antibiotic resistance and virulence of Klebsiella pneumoniae from the environment in Southern Taiwan

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Improved Detection of Extrapulmonary and Paucibacillary Pulmonary Tuberculosis by Xpert MTB Host Response in a Tuberculosis Low-Endemic, High-Resource Setting The Xpert MTB Host Response (MTB-HR) assay has reached World Health Organization (WHO) test targets for pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) with high bacillary loads.

Improved Detection of Extrapulmonary and Paucibacillary Pulmonary Tuberculosis by Xpert MTB Host Response in a Tuberculosis Low-Endemic, High-Resource Setting

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Clinical Isolates of Antimicrobial-Resistant Enterobacter Species Can Persist in Human Macrophages Without Replication and Overt Cellular Cytotoxicity Enterobacter species are facultative, anaerobic, gram-negative bacteria of the Enterobacteriaceae family.

Clinical Isolates of Antimicrobial-Resistant Enterobacter Species Can Persist in Human Macrophages Without Replication and Overt Cellular Cytotoxicity

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Molecular Characterization of Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infections in Elderly Patients During the 2023–2024 Season in the Era of Nirsevimab Introduction Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) can cause severe infections in elderly individuals. Nirsevimab is a novel prophylactic monoclonal antibody, widely used in infants in France during the 2023–2024 season.

Molecular Characterization of Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infections in Elderly Patients During the 2023–2024 Season in the Era of Nirsevimab Introduction

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Reduction of Vancomycin-Associated Acute Kidney Injury With Montelukast Vancomycin ranks among the most utilized antimicrobial agents in the treatment of serious β-lactam–resistant gram-positive infections, but its use has been associated with nephrotoxicity.

Reduction of Vancomycin-Associated Acute Kidney Injury With Montelukast

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Estimating the Early Transmission Inhibition of New Treatment Regimens for Drug-Resistant Tuberculosis Most drug-resistant tuberculosis occurs due to transmission of unsuspected or ineffectively treated drug-resistant tuberculosis.

Estimating the Early Transmission Inhibition of New Treatment Regimens for Drug-Resistant Tuberculosis

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Interleukin 6 Is Significantly Increased in Severe Pneumonia After Allo-Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation and Might Induce Lung Injury via IL-6/sIL-6R/JAK1/STAT3 Pathway Severe pneumonia after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT) is associated with high mortality.

Interleukin 6 Is Significantly Increased in Severe Pneumonia After Allo-Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation and Might Induce Lung Injury via IL-6/sIL-6R/JAK1/STAT3 Pathway

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In vivo evolution of Candida auris multi-drug resistance in a patient receiving antifungal treatment Candida auris is associated with life-threatening invasive disease due to high level of drug resistance. We present a clinical case of C. auris multi-drug resistance development in a patient acquired during antifungal treatment.

In vivo evolution of Candida auris multi-drug resistance in a patient receiving antifungal treatment

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Human metapneumovirus remains underrecognized in older adults. This new supplement brings together expert perspectives on disease burden and unmet clinical need. Learn more ⬇️

🔗 academic.oup.com/jid/issue/23...

Call for papers: Cryptosporidiosis First recognized as a potential human pathogen in 1976, Cryptosporidium is now known to be a globally distributed, prevalent gastrointestinal parasite associated with severe, life-threatening pediatric diarrhea in low- and middle-income countries.

JID is now accepting proposals on cryptosporidiosis—an urgent and often overlooked global health threat.

Submit your proposal by Sept. 1 for inclusion in a 2026 special collection. Learn More ⬇️

Persistence is Resistance: The fight to End the HIV Epidemic Hangs in the Balance The unprecedented federal assault on HIV research funding, The Centers for Disease Control (CDC) Division of HIV Prevention, Medicaid, immigrants, academic freedom, as well as attempts to erase LGBTQ+ people and Diversity, Equity, and Inclusion initiatives have swiftly caused devastating harms to the research, public health programs, and communities that we cherish and serve.

Persistence is Resistance: The fight to End the HIV Epidemic Hangs in the Balance

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⭐ Editor's Choice
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Robust COVID-19 Mortality Risk Assessment: Validation of a Two-Step Algorithm from the National COVID Cohort Collaborative This study introduces and validates a Two-Step algorithm for assessing COVID-19 mortality risk, leveraging data from over 7 million COVID-19 cases in the National COVID Cohort Collaborative (N3C).

Robust COVID-19 Mortality Risk Assessment: Validation of a Two-Step Algorithm from the National COVID Cohort Collaborative

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Clinical and environmental surveillance of Poliovirus type 2 outbreak using a novel specific real-time quantitative PCR assay, Israel, 2022-2023 An increase in the number of circulating vaccine derived poliovirus (VDPV) outbreaks is reported worldwide in recent years, necessitating improved surveillance and diagnostic tools.

Clinical and environmental surveillance of Poliovirus type 2 outbreak using a novel specific real-time quantitative PCR assay, Israel, 2022-2023

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Association of a novel IgG3 allele with malaria in children from the Sepik region of Papua New Guinea Susceptibility to malaria can be influenced by host genetic factors, including immune response genes. Antibodies against Plasmodium antigens are known to play an important role in protection from clinical disease.

Association of a novel IgG3 allele with malaria in children from the Sepik region of Papua New Guinea

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Syphilis Pathogenesis: Host Immune Response versus Pathogen Immune Evasion Syphilis, caused by Treponema pallidum subspecies pallidum (T. pallidum), remains a significant global health problem despite being preventable and curable.

Syphilis Pathogenesis: Host Immune Response versus Pathogen Immune Evasion

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Distinct Gut Microbiota Signatures Associated With Progression of Atherosclerosis in People Living With Human Immunodeficiency Virus Cardiovascular disease is among the leading causes of disease and death in people living with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV; PWH).

Distinct Gut Microbiota Signatures Associated With Progression of Atherosclerosis in People Living With Human Immunodeficiency Virus

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Improved Methods for Vaccine Effectiveness Studies Evaluating the impact of public health investments is an important activity for public health agencies and researchers. Monitoring vaccine effectiveness (VE) is one such activity, allowing public health agencies to confirm the impact of vaccination programs.

Improved Methods for Vaccine Effectiveness Studies

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From Bite to Brain: Arboviral Neuropathogenesis Arthropod-borne viruses (arboviruses) are an important and increasingly common source of disease in the United States. Many arboviruses cause central nervous system (CNS) infections, including meningitis, encephalitis, and myelitis, which have not only high mortality but also substantial long-term morbidity.

From Bite to Brain: Arboviral Neuropathogenesis

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SMART Designs: Bridging the Gap Between Clinical Trials and Practice in Infectious Diseases Traditional randomized controlled trials often fall short in addressing the specific needs of clinical practice due to their one-size-fits-all treatment approaches.

SMART Designs: Bridging the Gap Between Clinical Trials and Practice in Infectious Diseases

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Oops, the Microbes Did It Again: Gut Dysbiosis Precedes Late-Onset Meningitis Over the last 2 decades, the study of the microbiome has vastly expanded. What was once an underappreciated contributor to human health—outside of consideration as a source of pathogens and contamination—is now understood as an “organ” in its own right.

Oops, the Microbes Did It Again: Gut Dysbiosis Precedes Late-Onset Meningitis

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The Gut Microbiome: Another Piece in the Puzzle of HIV-Associated Atherosclerosis The human gut microbiome is increasingly being recognized as a fundamental component that influences physiological processes and disease pathways.

The Gut Microbiome: Another Piece in the Puzzle of HIV-Associated Atherosclerosis

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Longterm kinetics of vibriocidal antibody responses after V. cholerae infection in the Democratic Republic of Congo We performed vibriocidal antibody assays on 212 serum samples from 115 culture-positive cholera patients (median age 8) in Goma, DRC, collected at enrollment and again 3-449 days after. Vibriocidal responses peaked 7-40 days after symptom onset, with 89.5% waning to a titer of 160 or lower by 180 days.

Longterm kinetics of vibriocidal antibody responses after V. cholerae infection in the Democratic Republic of Congo

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Virological tools fail to properly identify "unusual" hepatitis C virus subtypes resistant to direct-acting antiviral drugs in The Gambia We evaluated the ability of the commercial Sentosa SQ Hepatitis C Virus Genotyping Assay to identify the HCV genotype subtype in patients from The Gambia.

Virological tools fail to properly identify "unusual" hepatitis C virus subtypes resistant to direct-acting antiviral drugs in The Gambia

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Human Metapneumovirus Disease Burden in Older Adults and Implications for Adult Vaccination Strategies New data from leading experts detail the impact of hMPV in older adults and the implications for vaccination policy.

A comprehensive look at the burden of hMPV in older adults, and the evidence base informing future adult vaccination strategies. Explore new insights from leading researchers in our latest supplement issue!

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External validation of paediatric pneumonia and bronchiolitis risk scores to predict mortality in children hospitalised in Kenya: a retrospective cohort study Acute lower respiratory tract infections (ALRIs) are a leading cause of paediatric mortality in low- and middle-income countries. In recent years, substantial research has been done to enhance risk stratification of children presenting with ALRIs, in a bid to improve health outcomes in resource-limited settings.

External validation of paediatric pneumonia and bronchiolitis risk scores to predict mortality in children hospitalised in Kenya: a retrospective cohort study

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Pneumococcal serotype distribution and coverage of existing and pipeline pneumococcal vaccines Next-generation pneumococcal conjugate vaccines (PCVs) target an expanding array of serotype antigens. We assessed the proportions of invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD) and pneumococcal acute respiratory infections (ARIs) caused by serotypes targeted by existing and pipeline PCVs, and annual U.S. pneumococcal disease burdens potentially preventable by these products.

Pneumococcal serotype distribution and coverage of existing and pipeline pneumococcal vaccines

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Human Metapneumovirus, Respiratory Syncytial Virus and Influenza Associated Pneumonia Hospitalizations in Colorado Adults Aged Over 50 Years: 2016-2023

Human Metapneumovirus, Respiratory Syncytial Virus and Influenza Associated Pneumonia Hospitalizations in Colorado Adults Aged Over 50 Years: 2016-2023

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Preemptive Mpox Vaccine Deployment: Aligning Strategy with Reality

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Mitochondrial Disorders After 12 Months of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Preexposure Prophylaxis Based on Tenofovir Disoproxil Fumarate Plus Emtricitabine in Healthy Adults New nucleos(t)ide reverse transcriptase inhibitors are considerably less toxic than their predecessors, but they may not be entirely devoid of toxicity.

Mitochondrial Disorders After 12 Months of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Preexposure Prophylaxis Based on Tenofovir Disoproxil Fumarate Plus Emtricitabine in Healthy Adults