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#BehavioralEcology #Ethology #HumanBehavior #AnimalBehavior #LifeHistory #AnimalPhysiology papers from #PubMed & journal rss-feeds | -- MF

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Vocal ontogeny in Mus musculus Publication date: December 2025 Source: Animal Behaviour, Volume 230 Author(s): Nicole M. Pranic, Rhea Singh, Joclin Rabinovich, Delia Ferry, Katherine A. Tschida

Vocal ontogeny in Mus musculus AnimBeh

02.11.2025 03:43 โ€” ๐Ÿ‘ 0    ๐Ÿ” 0    ๐Ÿ’ฌ 0    ๐Ÿ“Œ 0
Flexibility of territorial aggression in urban and rural Chaffinches Rapid environmental change due to urbanization poses novel challenges to animals. Behavioral change and individual plasticity are generally hypothesized to be the key to adapting to these challenges. One commonly observed behavioral change is higher observed aggression levels in urban animals, perhaps because anthropogenic noise disrupts effective acoustic communication during conflicts, leading to greater use of physical aggression. We investigated the hypothesis that urban noise drives aggression by performing repeated simulated territorial intrusion experiments on rural and urban chaffinches (Fringilla coelebs). We expected urban chaffinches to be more aggressive, change their aggression levels more between trials, and for aggression to increase with noise levels, irrespective of the habitat. We found that while aggression didn't differ between habitats in the initial trial, rural chaffinches decreased their aggression level in the second trial and thus were less aggressive than the urban chaffinches, who did not change their response. That is, urban birds were less flexible in responding to an intruder than rural birds, contrary to previous findings in other songbirds. Moreover, there was an increase in aggression with increasing noise levels, irrespective of the habitat. Given our small sample size and lack of spatial replicates, our results should be interpreted with caution. Nevertheless, as a lack of flexibility in aggression is potentially costly, our results highlight the importance of studying the plasticity in aggressive behavior in human-impacted landscapes.

Flexibility of territorial aggression in urban and rural Chaffinches bioRxivpreprint

02.11.2025 01:53 โ€” ๐Ÿ‘ 0    ๐Ÿ” 0    ๐Ÿ’ฌ 0    ๐Ÿ“Œ 0
Influence of premenstrual syndrome on attentional capture by expressions in the luteal phase Publication date: November 2025 Source: Hormones and Behavior, Volume 176 Author(s): Fรกtima รlvarez, Estrella Veiga-Zarza, Uxรญa Fernรกndez-Folgueiras, Miguel Pita, Dominique Kessel, Luis Carretiรฉ

Influence of premenstrual syndrome on attentional capture by expressions in the luteal phase HormBehav

02.11.2025 00:58 โ€” ๐Ÿ‘ 0    ๐Ÿ” 0    ๐Ÿ’ฌ 0    ๐Ÿ“Œ 0
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Behavioral Sciences, Vol. 15, Pages 1393: Predictors of Support-Seeking During Stress Discussions of Older Adult Couples Despite its central role in fostering effective social support, support-seeking behavior has received limited empirical attention—particularly among older adults, who have heightened needs for support due to age-related cognitive and physical decline. This study identified and examined key predictors of four types of support-seeking behaviors—direct and indirect instrumental and emotional support-seeking. Long-term married couples, with at least one partner aged 65 or older, participated in a laboratory-based discussion about a personal life stressor, during which support-seeking behaviors were coded. We examined both the support-seeker’s and support-provider’s attachment orientation, as well as the support-seeker’s stress level and relationship quality (e.g., satisfaction, commitment, and trust), as predictors of observed support-seeking behaviors. Results indicated that greater stress and higher relationship quality were associated with more direct instrumental support-seeking, while lower relationship quality and greater attachment insecurity in both partners predicted more indirect instrumental and emotional support-seeking. However, support-seekers also showed more direct emotional support-seeking with avoidantly attached partners, possibly as a compensatory effort to elicit needed support. This study contributes to the limited literature focusing on support-seeking behaviors, particularly in older adulthood, and has implications for interventions aimed at promoting effective communication and support-seeking.

Behavioral Sciences, Vol. 15, Pages 1393: Predictors of Support-Seeking During Stress Discussions of Older Adult Couples BehSciMDPI

02.11.2025 00:55 โ€” ๐Ÿ‘ 0    ๐Ÿ” 0    ๐Ÿ’ฌ 0    ๐Ÿ“Œ 0
Development of the Ethogram of #feline Social Interactions (EFSI) to study intraspecific interactions between #cats in multicat households Publication date: Available online 31 October 2025 Source: Applied Animal Behaviour Science Author(s): Morgane J.R. Van Belle, Noema Gajdoลก Kmecovรก, Christel P.H. Moons, Frank A.M. Tuyttens, Daniel S. Mills

Development of the Ethogram of #feline Social Interactions (EFSI) to study intraspecific interactions between #cats in multicat households AAnimBehS

02.11.2025 00:52 โ€” ๐Ÿ‘ 0    ๐Ÿ” 0    ๐Ÿ’ฌ 0    ๐Ÿ“Œ 0
Recurrent circuits encode de novo visual center-surround computations in the mouse superior colliculus by Peng Cui, Kuisong Song, Dimitrios Mariatos-Metaxas, Arturo G. Isla, Teresa Femenia, Iakovos Lazaridis, Konstantinos Meletis, Arvind Kumar, Andreas A. Kardamakis Models of visual salience detection rely on centerโ€“surround interactions, yet it remains unclear how these computations are distributed across retinal, cortical, and subcortical circuits due to their overlapping contributions. Here, we reveal a de novo collicular mechanism for surround suppression by combining patterned optogenetics with whole-cell recordings from individual neurons in the mouse superficial superior colliculus (SCs). Center zones were defined by monosynaptic input from channelrhodopsin-expressing retinal ganglion cells in collicular midbrain slices. Surround network optoactivation suppressed center responses compared to center-only input. This suppression is excitatory in origin, arising from the withdrawal of center excitation via surround-driven inhibition of local recurrent excitatory circuits, as demonstrated by cell-type-specific trans-synaptic tracing and computational modeling. These findings identify a local circuit mechanism for saliency computation in the SCs, independent of cortical input.

Recurrent circuits encode de novo visual center-surround computations in the mouse superior colliculus @PLOSBiology.org

02.11.2025 00:46 โ€” ๐Ÿ‘ 0    ๐Ÿ” 0    ๐Ÿ’ฌ 0    ๐Ÿ“Œ 0
Alerting components in #animal vocalization Publication date: December 2025 Source: Animal Behaviour, Volume 230 Author(s): Vlad Demartsev, Yair Geva, Pablo Alba-Gonzรกlez, Lee Koren, Amiyaal Ilany, Eli Geffen

Alerting components in #animal vocalization AnimBeh

02.11.2025 00:46 โ€” ๐Ÿ‘ 0    ๐Ÿ” 0    ๐Ÿ’ฌ 0    ๐Ÿ“Œ 0
Motivational trade-offs in a cockroach: impact of conditions, injury, and development The ability to flexibly trade off access between competing or antagonistic stimuli (motivational trade-offs) is a key criterion for assessing whether animals can feel pain. However, in some commonly farmed, exterminated, and studied insect orders such as Blattodea (cockroaches and termites), the ability to make motivational trade-offs is unconfirmed, which makes it difficult to assess their welfare needs. Here we gave cockroaches a choice between access to shelter or nutrition across a series of linked experiments to assess how motivational trade-offs are flexibly adjusted due to external conditions and injury and develop across ontogeny. We found cockroaches would adjust how willing they were to access nutrition instead of shelter based on the intensity of the light they would be exposed to and how long they had been deprived of food. They can therefore make flexible motivational trade-offs. We also found that injury reduces willingness to accept light exposure when accessing nutrition, which is consistent with the idea of the sensation of pain reducing risk-taking behaviour. Finally, we showed that juvenile cockroaches can make motivational trade-offs, but only towards the end of their development, and that young juveniles do not trade-off. All together our results provide comprehensive evidence that cockroaches can make highly flexible motivational trade-offs, filling in a gap in our understanding of cognitive abilities in insects linked to their ability to feel pain. These findings indicate the need to design legislation, housing, and production methods that account for and enhance invertebrate welfare.

Motivational trade-offs in a cockroach: impact of conditions, injury, and development bioRxivpreprint

02.11.2025 00:37 โ€” ๐Ÿ‘ 0    ๐Ÿ” 0    ๐Ÿ’ฌ 0    ๐Ÿ“Œ 0
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ClairS-TO: a deep-learning method for long-read tumor-only somatic small variant calling Nature Communications, Published online: 31 October 2025; doi:10.1038/s41467-025-64547-zThe accurate detection of somatic variants in cancer without matched normal controls remains challenging, particularly for long-read sequencing data. Here, the authors develop ClairS-TO, a deep learning method for long-read tumour-only somatic variant calling that outperforms similar algorithms and can also work with short-read sequencing data.

ICYMI: ClairS-TO: a deep-learning method for long-read tumor-only somatic small variant calling @natcomms.nature.com

02.11.2025 00:07 โ€” ๐Ÿ‘ 1    ๐Ÿ” 1    ๐Ÿ’ฌ 0    ๐Ÿ“Œ 0
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Basic Fibroblast Growth Factorโ€Releasing Bioabsorbable Polyglycolic Acid Dura Mater Enhances Neural Progenitor Cell Proliferation and Neuroprotection After Brain Injury Brain and Behavior, Volume 15, Issue 11, November 2025.

Basic Fibroblast Growth Factorโ€Releasing Bioabsorbable Polyglycolic Acid Dura Mater Enhances Neural Progenitor Cell Proliferation and Neuroprotection After Brain Injury Br&Beh

01.11.2025 22:41 โ€” ๐Ÿ‘ 0    ๐Ÿ” 0    ๐Ÿ’ฌ 0    ๐Ÿ“Œ 0
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Do eye trackers estimate eyeball rotation? The relationship between tracked eye image feature and estimated saccadic waveform The eyeball is not rigid and deforms during saccades. As a consequence, the saccade waveform recorded by an eye tracker may depend on which structure of the eye is used to estimate eyeball rotation. Here, we systematically describe and compare signals co-recorded from the retina, the cornea (corneal reflection, CR), the pupil, and the lens (fourth Purkinje reflection, P4) during saccades. We found that several commonly used parameters for saccade characterization differ systematically across the signals. For instance, saccades in the retinal signal had earlier onsets compared to saccades in the pupil and the P4 signals. The retinal signal had the smallest saccade amplitude and reached the peak saccade velocity earlier compared to the other signals. At the end of saccades, the retinal signal came to a stop faster than the other signals. We discuss possible explanations that may account for the relationship between the retinal signal and the other signals.

Do eye trackers estimate eyeball rotation? The relationship between tracked eye image feature and estimated saccadic waveform BehResM

01.11.2025 22:04 โ€” ๐Ÿ‘ 0    ๐Ÿ” 0    ๐Ÿ’ฌ 0    ๐Ÿ“Œ 0
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Descattering and image restoration with a transformer-based neural network in deep tissue imaging Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Volume 122, Issue 43, October 2025. SignificanceThe significant contributions of this work are threefold. First, it leverages deep learning to extend in vivo imaging depth of two-photon excitation fluorescence microscopy, far beyond the depths achieved by state-of-the-art methods. Second, ...

Descattering and image restoration with a transformer-based neural network in deep tissue imaging @PNAS.org

01.11.2025 22:03 โ€” ๐Ÿ‘ 0    ๐Ÿ” 0    ๐Ÿ’ฌ 0    ๐Ÿ“Œ 0
Is there a link between the acute stress response and the movement syndrome of a wild large herbivore? Publication date: Available online 30 October 2025 Source: Animal Behaviour Author(s): Inรจs Khazar, Nicolas Morellet, A.J. Mark Hewison, Laura Gervais, Hรฉlรจne Verheyden, Guillaume Le Loc'h, Arnaud Bonnet, Nicolas Cรจbe, Yannick Chaval, Anne Geffrรฉ, Bruno Lourtet, Joรซl Merlet, Nadรจge C. Bonnot

Is there a link between the acute stress response and the movement syndrome of a wild large herbivore? AnimBeh

01.11.2025 21:49 โ€” ๐Ÿ‘ 0    ๐Ÿ” 0    ๐Ÿ’ฌ 0    ๐Ÿ“Œ 0
Phenomenological approaches to loneliness: a conceptual review Publication date: December 2025 Source: Current Opinion in Behavioral Sciences, Volume 66 Author(s): Sanna Karoliina Tirkkonen

Phenomenological approaches to loneliness: a conceptual review COBehSci

01.11.2025 21:48 โ€” ๐Ÿ‘ 0    ๐Ÿ” 0    ๐Ÿ’ฌ 0    ๐Ÿ“Œ 0
The canonical default network comprises parallel distributed networks with distinct medial temporal lobe connections Publication date: December 2025 Source: Current Opinion in Behavioral Sciences, Volume 66 Author(s): Rodrigo M Braga

The canonical default network comprises parallel distributed networks with distinct medial temporal lobe connections COBehSci

01.11.2025 21:43 โ€” ๐Ÿ‘ 0    ๐Ÿ” 0    ๐Ÿ’ฌ 0    ๐Ÿ“Œ 0
Serial dependence in the perception of proportion The influence of previously encountered stimuli on subsequent perceptual judgments is termed serial dependence. Serial dependence has been robustly demonstrated across a broad spectrum of visual features, ranging from low-level attributes, such as orientation and color, to high-level representations, including facial identity. To further understand this dependency, the present study investigated the presence of serial dependence in judgments of relative proportions within visual stimuli. Participants completed a two-alternative forced-choice (2AFC) task involving stimuli composed of two symbols. These symbols differed only in brightness in Experiment~1 and only in shape in Experiment~2. Participants were required to judge which symbol occupied the larger proportion. The results revealed a systematic bias in the participants' responses. Specifically, Experiment~1 yielded a repulsive bias (negative serial dependence), where current judgments shifted away from the proportion observed in the preceding trial. Conversely, Experiment~2 exhibited an attractive bias (positive serial dependence), pulling current judgments toward the preceding proportion. Furthermore, the magnitude and direction of this serial dependence appeared to be modulated by both the participants' confidence in their judgments and the feature similarity between successive stimuli. These findings suggest that the perception of proportion has serial dependence and extend the generality of this phenomenon to higher-level visual summary statistics.

Serial dependence in the perception of proportion bioRxivpreprint

01.11.2025 19:57 โ€” ๐Ÿ‘ 1    ๐Ÿ” 0    ๐Ÿ’ฌ 0    ๐Ÿ“Œ 0
Correction to โ€œToo hot or too disturbed? Temperatures more than hikers affect circadian activity of females in northern chamoisโ€ [#animal #behavior 210 (2024) 347โ€“367] Publication date: Available online 30 October 2025 Source: Animal Behaviour Author(s): The Editors

Correction to โ€œToo hot or too disturbed? Temperatures more than hikers affect circadian activity of females in northern chamoisโ€ [#animal #behavior 210 (2024) 347โ€“367] AnimBeh

01.11.2025 18:51 โ€” ๐Ÿ‘ 0    ๐Ÿ” 0    ๐Ÿ’ฌ 0    ๐Ÿ“Œ 0
Sex differences in task engagement and lapse rate during reward learning plateaus Our understanding of sex differences in reward learning has been limited due to the predominant study of males, yet recent studies have uncovered significant differences in the use of adaptive strategies, sensitivity to negative feedback, and impulsivity. Here, we evaluated sex differences in flexible learning in two domains: the learning of stimulus- and action-based associations and their reversals. During action-based learning, rats selected between two identical visual stimuli presented on a touchscreen, where the spatial location predicted a higher probability of reward. For stimulus-based learning, rats chose between two distinct visual stimuli presented in pseudorandom spatial locations, one of which was associated with a higher probability of reward. Reversal phases involved switching reward contingency between the two actions or stimuli. To gain a detailed understanding of diffferences across conditions, we modeled animal trial-by-trial choices using reinforcement learning (RL) models and examined their steady-state behavior to capture transitions between distinct behavioral states. We found that female rats were more likely to omit trials and take longer to initiate trials in both domains. The omissions were more frequent in late-stage action-based reversal learning, once learning had plateaued. Moreover, although the estimated parameters of the best-fitting RL model revealed some sex differences, the model that incorporated transitions between different behavioral states provided a better overall fit to the data. This model also revealed that across all reversal phases, females exhibited a higher transition-specific lapse rate than males, indicating greater task disengagement once there was no need for further learning. Together, our fine-grained analysis of behavior adds to a growing literature on sex differences in flexible reward learning.

Sex differences in task engagement and lapse rate during reward learning plateaus bioRxivpreprint

01.11.2025 18:40 โ€” ๐Ÿ‘ 0    ๐Ÿ” 0    ๐Ÿ’ฌ 0    ๐Ÿ“Œ 0
Illuminating calcium and potassium dynamics with red fluorescent sensors by Lan Geng, Yulong Li A pair of recent studies in PLOS Biology introduces red fluorescent genetically encoded indicators for calcium and potassium, extending the optical toolkit for tracking these essential signals in the living brain. Despite recent advances in green genetically encoded ion indicators, developments in red-shifted indicators have been slower. This Primer explores two recent studies in PLOS Biology that engineer red fluorescent indicators for visualizing potassium and calcium ion dynamics in culture and in vivo.

Illuminating calcium and potassium dynamics with red fluorescent sensors @PLOSBiology.org

01.11.2025 18:38 โ€” ๐Ÿ‘ 0    ๐Ÿ” 0    ๐Ÿ’ฌ 0    ๐Ÿ“Œ 0
PARENTAL AND EPIMELETIC #behavior OF Antillean MANATEES (Trichechus manatus manatus) IN CAPTIVITY IN BRAZIL Publication date: Available online 28 October 2025 Source: Applied Animal Behaviour Science Author(s): Fernanda Lรถffler Niemeyer Attademo, Fรกbia de Oliveira Luna, Karen Lucchini, Alexandra Fernandes Costa, Salvatore Siciliano, Paula Coutinho, Radan Elvis Matias de Oliveira, Lucas Inรกcio dos Santos Melo, Bruna Bezerra

PARENTAL AND EPIMELETIC #behavior OF Antillean MANATEES (Trichechus manatus manatus) IN CAPTIVITY IN BRAZIL AAnimBehS

01.11.2025 12:54 โ€” ๐Ÿ‘ 0    ๐Ÿ” 0    ๐Ÿ’ฌ 0    ๐Ÿ“Œ 0
Synchronous and asynchronous counterillumination by three types of photophores in the firefly squid, Watasenia scintillans Countershading, animal body coloration that is darker on the dorsum than the ventrum, is a form of crypsis achieved by a gradient in skin pigmentation. Counterillumination is somewhat similar, achieving crypsis in midwater marine organisms by the emission of bioluminescence directed downwards. Although mesopelagic squids are assumed to use counterillumination, high-resolution spatiotemporal changes in illumination, particularly for each type of photophore, have not been elucidated. Watasenia scintillans has three types of photophore on its ventral surfaces: blue-emitting and green-emitting abdominal photophores, and ocular photophores. It is demonstrated here that all three types of photophore are involved in counterillumination synchronously, reversibly, and repeatedly in response to changes in dim overhead lighting. The green abdominal photophores exhibited a gradual decay and maintained their glow in the dark. Conversely, when animals were exposed to air, green luminescence alone was quickly extinguished. There were no observed color shifts (such as from green to blue) in any of the photophores. The ocular photophores emit blue light irregularly, partly because they are concealed by the epidermal chromatophores. While synchronous illumination does suggest the crypsis hypothesis, the ability to independently control each type of photophore could also support a previous hypothesis of conspecific signaling.

Synchronous and asynchronous counterillumination by three types of photophores in the firefly squid, Watasenia scintillans bioRxivpreprint

01.11.2025 12:43 โ€” ๐Ÿ‘ 0    ๐Ÿ” 0    ๐Ÿ’ฌ 0    ๐Ÿ“Œ 0
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Functional Traits Shape Seedโ€“Rodent Interactions in a Subtropical Forest: Insights From Individualโ€Based Tracking With Doubleโ€Duplex PIT Tagging Ecology and Evolution, Volume 15, Issue 11, November 2025.

Functional Traits Shape Seedโ€“Rodent Interactions in a Subtropical Forest: Insights From Individualโ€Based Tracking With Doubleโ€Duplex PIT Tagging Ecol&Evol

01.11.2025 11:43 โ€” ๐Ÿ‘ 0    ๐Ÿ” 0    ๐Ÿ’ฌ 0    ๐Ÿ“Œ 0
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Residual bayesian attention networks for uncertainty quantification in regression tasks Scientific Reports, Published online: 01 November 2025; doi:10.1038/s41598-025-24093-6Residual bayesian attention networks for uncertainty quantification in regression tasks

Residual bayesian attention networks for uncertainty quantification in regression tasks SciReports

01.11.2025 11:01 โ€” ๐Ÿ‘ 0    ๐Ÿ” 0    ๐Ÿ’ฌ 1    ๐Ÿ“Œ 0
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Selective Hippocampal Subfield Atrophy Mediates Cognitive Decline in Cushing's Disease Brain and Behavior, Volume 15, Issue 11, November 2025.

Selective Hippocampal Subfield Atrophy Mediates Cognitive Decline in Cushing's Disease Br&Beh

01.11.2025 10:44 โ€” ๐Ÿ‘ 0    ๐Ÿ” 0    ๐Ÿ’ฌ 0    ๐Ÿ“Œ 0
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By the time you hear these bats, itโ€™s too late Nature, Published online: 01 November 2025; doi:10.1038/d41586-025-03515-5The fringe-lipped bat ambushes its prey, helping to make it an exceptionally efficient hunter.

By the time you hear these bats, itโ€™s too late @Nature.com

01.11.2025 10:37 โ€” ๐Ÿ‘ 1    ๐Ÿ” 0    ๐Ÿ’ฌ 0    ๐Ÿ“Œ 0
Distinct alpha networks modulate different aspects of perceptual decision-making by Ying Joey Zhou, Mats W. J. van Es, Saskia Haegens Why do we sometimes perceive a faint stimulus but miss it at other times? One explanation is that fluctuations in the brainโ€™s internal state result in variability in perception. Ongoing neural oscillations in the alpha band (8โ€“13 Hz), crucial in setting the internal state of the brain, have been shown as a key contributor to such perceptual variability. However, findings on how alpha oscillations modulate perceptual variability have been mixed. Some studies suggested alpha modulates perceptual criterion (c), shifting the threshold for interpreting sensory information; while others suggested alpha modulates sensitivity (dโ€ฒ), changing the precision of sensory encoding. Moreover, most studies have focused solely on overall alpha activityโ€”whether within a region of interest or across the whole brainโ€”and overlooked the coexistence of multiple distinct alpha networks, leaving it unclear whether different alpha networks contribute differently to perception. Here, to characterize how different alpha networks influence perceptual decision-making, we analyzed magnetoencephalography (MEG) data recorded while human participants performed a visual detection task with threshold-level stimuli. We found that while the visual alpha network modulates sensitivity, the sensorimotor alpha network modulates criterion in perceptual decision-making. These findings reconcile previous conflicting results and highlight the functional diversity of alpha networks in shaping perception.

Distinct alpha networks modulate different aspects of perceptual decision-making @PLOSBiology.org

01.11.2025 10:34 โ€” ๐Ÿ‘ 0    ๐Ÿ” 0    ๐Ÿ’ฌ 0    ๐Ÿ“Œ 0
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Cause for concern: Omitted cross-loadings in measurement models of nonlinear structural equation models Cross-loadings on non-target factors in measurement models of linear structural equation models (SEM) are often observed in empirical research but frequently disregarded. Previous research on linear SEM has already shown that omitted positive cross-loadings result in overestimated covariances of the latent predictor variables and distorted linear effects. For nonlinear SEM with interaction and quadratic effects, omitting cross-loadings has not been investigated. This study examines the consequences of omitted cross-loadings in both linear and nonlinear SEM using a single empirical dataset and a small simulation study. We focus on the bias patterns that emerge when cross-loadingsโ€”reflecting the multidimensionality of itemsโ€”are either positive or negative and assess how these biases vary with the level of the latent predictor covariance. The empirical analysis reveals that constraining theoretically justified cross-loadings to zero results in systematic over- and underestimation of factor loadings and structural parameters, with more pronounced effects in the nonlinear component of the model, thereby altering the functional form of the relationships between the latent variables. The simulation study further illustrates that the direction and magnitude of bias in both linear and nonlinear SEM depend jointly on the sign of the cross-loadings and the level of the latent predictor covariance. These findings underscore the critical importance of incorporating cross-loadings only theory-driven to maintain an accurate representation of the functional relationships between latent constructs. Practical implications and challenges of including cross-loadings in the model are discussed.

Cause for concern: Omitted cross-loadings in measurement models of nonlinear structural equation models BehResM

01.11.2025 10:08 โ€” ๐Ÿ‘ 0    ๐Ÿ” 0    ๐Ÿ’ฌ 0    ๐Ÿ“Œ 0
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Beyond adoption: The persistence of conservation and climate-smart agricultural practices in the United States Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Volume 122, Issue 43, October 2025. Achieving sustainability goals requires that humans change their behavior not just once but persistently. Yet despite decades of research on the adoption of conservation and climate-smart agricultural practices, little is known about the extent to which ...

Beyond adoption: The persistence of conservation and climate-smart agricultural practices in the United States @PNAS.org

01.11.2025 10:06 โ€” ๐Ÿ‘ 0    ๐Ÿ” 0    ๐Ÿ’ฌ 0    ๐Ÿ“Œ 0
Rapid Social Transmission of Predator Location via Gaze Following in Pigeons Social information transmission is a key advantage of group living, particularly in uncertain or high-stakes contexts. During collective predator vigilance, individuals often initiate evasive action based on social cues - such as the escape behaviour of others - before detecting threats themselves. Yet these cues can be ambiguous or misleading, leading to costly false alarms. Gaze following, a key socio-cognitive skill widespread across species, may reduce this ambiguity by allowing individuals to localize threats with minimal effort and avoid unnecessary escapes. Although this vigilance function has long been hypothesized, direct evidence is lacking. Here we show that pigeons foraging in flocks detect a predator and socially transmit its location rapidly via gaze following, before any escape behaviour occurs. In experiments simulating predator attacks, we reconstructed predator-oriented gaze using high-resolution posture tracking and modelled social transmission with dynamic multi-network Bayesian models. Comparing models based on distinct social cues, we found that pigeons responded selectively to conspecific gaze toward the predator, rather than locomotion, head-up vigilance, or gaze elsewhere. Analyses of network structure further revealed that this transmission occurs through visually connected networks, particularly via peripheral rather than foveal vision. While individuals occasionally followed gaze to non-threatening locations, flocks reliably converged on the actual threat. These findings uncover a previously undocumented, cognition-based mechanism of collective detection. To our knowledge, this is the first evidence that gaze following serves an adaptive function in survival contexts, illustrating how individual-level cognition and group-level dynamics interact to the adaptive value of group living.

Rapid Social Transmission of Predator Location via Gaze Following in Pigeons bioRxivpreprint

01.11.2025 08:02 โ€” ๐Ÿ‘ 0    ๐Ÿ” 0    ๐Ÿ’ฌ 0    ๐Ÿ“Œ 0
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Plant morphological traits and ecological stoichiometry in disturbed vs. conserved forests Global forests are currently facing significant anthropogenic disturbances. Previous research on plant functional traits has predominantly focused on relatively intact forests, often overlooking those that have experienced such disturbances. This oversight has lead to a scarcity of relevant data regarding disturbed forests in the global and Chinese plant functional trait databases, thereby limiting our understanding of the life history strategies employed by plants inhabiting these altered environments. This study presents data on 12 morphological traits and 24 ecological stoichiometry traits for 62 common species in disturbed forests and 43 species in conserved forests in East China. We analyzed the variability characteristics of these functional traits, explored functional trait differences between disturbed and conserved forests, and examined relationships among various functional traits to investigate disparities in life history strategies between the two forest types. The results indicated that the variability of plant functional traits was generally lower in disturbed forests compared to conserved ones. Most functional traits exhibited significant differences between the two forest types (P < 0.05). Additionally, stronger correlations among functional traits were noted in disturbed forests. From a functional trait perspective, plants in disturbed forests displayed high trait correlations and formed trait combinations indicative of a resource conservative strategy characterized by low specific leaf area, high dry matter content and tissue density across leaves, twigs, barks and stems; alongside heightened carbon investment but reduced al locations for nitrogen and phosphorus. A comprehensive investigation of plant functional traits in both disturbed and conserved forests will enrich the global and Chinese trait databases, providing insights into how forest plants adapt to disturbances and informing ecological restoration in degraded areas.

Plant morphological traits and ecological stoichiometry in disturbed vs. conserved forests @peerj.bsky.social

01.11.2025 07:06 โ€” ๐Ÿ‘ 0    ๐Ÿ” 0    ๐Ÿ’ฌ 0    ๐Ÿ“Œ 0

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