Data For India

How does ageing affect the working age population in different states in India? Read Rukmini S’ piece to find out: www.dataforindia.com/age-distribu...

Whether in the north or the south, Indian states are all seeing their populations begin to age. The number of children born every year has begun to fall in absolute terms - fewer children are born every year than the previous year.

Meanwhile, India's richer southern and western states have a higher median age as a result of lower fertility rates and improved health outcomes, leading to the population living for longer.

The north-central states have higher fertility rates, because of long-standing poverty and lower education levels. Higher birth rates - meaning that more children are born every year - make these states relatively younger.

The median American or Chinese person, for instance, is over a decade older than the median Indian.

However, India is ageing. By the mid 2030s, the median Indian is expected to be older than the global median. Even among Indian states, there are wide variations in the ages of their populations.

🧵 India is a relatively young country. Half of India's population is under the age of 30, making it a far younger country than its European, North American and East Asian counterparts.

#Population #Census #Age #India #DataForIndia

Maternal mortality in India From having maternal mortality rates well above the world average two decades ago, India has seen a sharp fall in the risk of death during pregnancy. Yet, regional disparities exist, and India is some...

How does maternal mortality look across different regions in India? Read Nileena Suresh’s piece to learn more: www.dataforindia.com/maternal-mor...

Despite the progress, maternal deaths remain a significant cause of death in women, accounting for almost 7% of deaths of women in the 15-29 years age group as of 2022. India is also still some distance away from meeting international commitments on reducing maternal mortality.

MMR is falling across all Indian states, and despite wide differences two decades ago, MMR numbers are beginning to converge between richer and poorer states. Some states like Odisha, though, have seen small recent increases in maternal mortality.

Maternal mortality in India stood at 398 deaths for every 100,000 live births in 1998, and by 2023, this number had decreased to less than a quarter of that figure, with 88 maternal deaths per 100,000 live births.

Title: India has seen a sharp fall in the risk of death during pregnancy Sub-title: Maternal Mortality Ratio (MMR) of India and selected states, over time Explanation: Line chart from 1998–2023 comparing India, Odisha, and Andhra Pradesh. India’s MMR falls from about 398 to 88. Andhra Pradesh drops from 197 to 30. Odisha declines from 346 to a low near 120 around 2020, then rises to 153 by 2023. The gap between richer and poorer states narrows overall, with a small recent increase in Odisha. Source: SRS Special Bulletin on Maternal Mortality in India Attribution: Data For India | CC BY

🧵 The most widely used indicator to understand how risky pregnancy and childbirth are in a region is the maternal mortality ratio (MMR). MMR is the number of maternal deaths, during pregnancy or within 42 days after, for every 100,000 live births.

#Mortality #Mother #Health #India #DataForIndia

Literacy in India India is nearing universal literacy, and historic gaps between socio-economic groups are narrowing.

How do various marginalised groups in India fare in terms of literacy? Read Abhishek Waghmare’s piece to find out: www.dataforindia.com/literacy-in-...

Illiteracy in India is largely a historical legacy, concentrated among older age groups. Youth literacy is rising fast, suggesting that India is on the path to near-universal literacy.

Despite this progress in literacy, gaps remain. Not all groups are at equal levels of literacy - urban literacy is higher than rural, and literacy is higher for men than women in India. But these gaps have narrowed over time as well.

India has made remarkable progress in improving literacy rates, rising from fewer than two in ten literate in the early 1950s, to eight in ten as of 2023. India’s literacy data comes from the Census (until 2011) and subsequent nationally representative sample surveys by the NSO.

Title: The literacy gap has narrowed between urban and rural India Sub-title: Literacy rate in India by region, 1951–2023 Explanation: Two-line chart shows literacy rising in both regions with the gap shrinking over time. Urban literacy increases from about 35% in 1951 to 89% in 2023. Rural literacy rises from about 12% to 77% by 2023. The steepest gains appear after the 1990s, and the 2023 endpoints are labeled on the lines (Urban 89%, Rural 77%). Source: Census of India 1951–2011; NSS Survey Rounds 71, 75, 78; PLFS 2022–23, NSO Attribution: Data For India | CC BY

🧵 Literacy - the ability to read and write a sentence in any language with proper comprehension - is the most fundamental measure of educational outcomes.

#Literacy #Education #LivingConditions #India #DataForIndia

India's disease transition India is in the midst of a key public health transition, with communicable diseases now accounting for a falling share of deaths.

As a result, a large share of deaths among communicable diseases are from "fever of unknown origin" according to India's official statistics.

How do communicable diseases impact different regions within India? Read Rukmini S' piece to find out: www.dataforindia.com/indias-disea...

Communicable diseases are often difficult to diagnose both during treatment and after death in low-income settings where laboratory testing is not always possible.

Tuberculosis remains a key cause of death in adults and, prior to the pandemic, was the communicable disease that contributed to the most deaths in Indians aged 15-70.

While respiratory infections have accounted for the largest share of deaths from communicable diseases for several years now, the share of deaths grew significantly between 2020-2022 on account of the COVID-19 pandemic.

Among communicable diseases, respiratory infections including influenza and pneumonia are the leading cause of death.

Even with this progress, over 2 million deaths in India every year are as a result of communicable diseases. Communicable diseases are particularly deadly for the young and account for a third of deaths in children under the age of 14 in India.

The share of deaths in India from communicable diseases and conditions surrounding childbirth has dropped from nearly half of all deaths in 2000, to below one in four by 2022.

Title: Which communicable diseases lead to the most deaths in India? Sub-title: Top 5 causes of death due to communicable, maternal, perinatal and nutritional conditions in India, over time Explanation: Respiratory infections became the leading cause of death among communicable conditions, spiking sharply around 2020 during the COVID-19 pandemic and reaching about 10% before easing to 9.3% in 2022. Other major causes declined over time: diarrhoeal diseases and perinatal conditions fell to near 2% by 2022, and tuberculosis dropped to about 2.5%. “Fever of unknown origin” remained around 5% in 2022. Source: Causes of Death reports, Sample Registration System (RGI) Attribution: Data For India | CC BY

🧵 India is in the midst of an epidemiological transition, a moment in public health when non-communicable diseases replace communicable diseases as the leading cause of mortality.

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India's manufacturing hubs Factories in India are concentrated regionally. While food products, textile and apparel are the biggest employers, the manufacture of metals drives value added. Each of these industries has its own r...

The factories that produce the highest economic value, however, are not the ones which offer the most employment.

How does factory employment look across different industries and regions in India? Read Ishan Deodhar and Abhishek Waghmare’s piece to find out: www.dataforindia.com/manufacturin...

Most industrial activity for basic metals takes place in Odisha and Jharkhand. The chemicals industry and the manufacture of coke and refined petroleum products are both concentrated in Gujarat and Maharashtra. The manufacture of vehicles mainly takes place in Tamil Nadu, Maharashtra and Haryana.

Half of India's factories are concentrated in just five states - Tamil Nadu, Gujarat, Maharashtra, Uttar Pradesh and Karnataka.

The manufacturing of basic metals (including iron, steel and copper), chemicals, petroleum products and vehicles account for over a third of all the value added to India’s organised manufacturing economy.

Title: Which states add the most value for India’s leading industries? Sub-title: Leading states in gross value added by industry, 2023 Explanation: Most industrial activity for basic metals takes place in Odisha and Jharkhand. The chemicals industry and the manufacture of coke and refined petroleum products are both concentrated in Gujarat and Maharashtra. The manufacture of vehicles mainly takes place in Tamil Nadu, Maharashtra and Haryana. Source: Annual Survey of Industries, 2022–23, MoSPI Attribution: Data For India | CC BY

🧵 Organised manufacturing in India accounts for the majority of economic value added through manufacturing, with over 200,000 factories creating nearly Rs 22 trillion in value added as of 2023.

#Manufacturing #Industry #Economy #India #DataForIndia

Data update: births and deaths in India Newer Indian and international data on population growth, fertility, mortality and ageing have allowed us to substantially update our work on these topics. We outline the changes in Indian demographic...

You can read the full summary of the latest updates, and explore the data behind it here: www.dataforindia.com/data-update-...