Nicholas Fabiano, MD

Overall, these findings demonstrate that daily VILPA may be a promising intervention for cancer prevention in populations not able or motivated to exercise in leisure time. 10/10

FEBS Press An estimated 4 in 10 cancers are preventable through modifiable risk factors. This review summarizes the epidemiologic evidence linking physical activity, sedentary behavior, and obesity with cancer ...

The main biologic pathways associating PA and cancer incidence are inflammation, insulin resistance, body composition, and endogenous sex hormones. febs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/... 9/10

The minimal dose was 3.4 minutes per day for total (HR, 0.83; 95% CI, 0.73-0.93) and 3.7 minutes for PA-related (HR, 0.72; 95% CI, 0.59-0.88) cancer incidence. 8/10

Compared with no VILPA, the median daily VILPA duration of bouts up to 1 minute (4.5 minutes per day) was associated with an HR of 0.80 (95% CI, 0.69-0.92) for total cancer and 0.69 (95% CI, 0.55-0.86) for PA-related cancer. 7/10

Daily VILPA duration was associated with outcomes in a near-linear manner, with steeper dose-response curves for PA-related cancer than total cancer incidence. 6/10

The study sample comprised 22,398 participants (mean [SD] age, 62.0 [7.6] years; 10,122 [45.2%] men and 12 276 [54.8%] women; 21 509 [96.0%] White individuals). 5/10

Vigorous physical activity (VPA) is a time-efficient way to achieve recommended physical activity (PA) for cancer prevention, although structured longer bouts of VPA (via traditional exercise) are unappealing or inaccessible to many individuals. 4/10

Nonexercising adults, the majority of the middle-aged population, are at an increased risk of developing certain cancers. 3/10

These findings are from a study in JAMA Oncology which aimed to evaluate the dose-response association of device-measured daily vigorous intermittent lifestyle physical activity (VILPA) with incident cancer. jamanetwork.com/journals/jam... 2/10

Just 3 to 4 minutes of vigorous physical activity per day is associated with decreased cancer risk.

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Overall, these findings highlight the need for continuous surveillance of emerging mutations in avian and bovine clade 2.3.4.4b H5N1 viruses. 9/9

In nature, the occurrence of this single mutation could be an indicator of human pandemic risk. 8/9

A single glutamine to leucine mutation at residue 226 of the virus hemagglutinin was sufficient to enact the change from avian to human specificity. 7/9

Historically, this virus has caused up to 30% fatality in humans. 6/9

As of October 2024, the CDC has reported 15 human infections worldwide with the 2.3.4.4b virus but 17 human infections with the H5 subtype in the US since 2022, including cases of the 2.3.4.4b virus from exposure to infected cows and poultry. 5/9

In 2024, clade 2.3.4.4b virus spread widely in dairy cattle in the US, causing a few mild human cases, but retaining specificity for avian receptors. 4/9

In 2021, a highly pathogenic influenza H5N1 clade 2.3.4.4b virus was detected in North America that is capable of infecting a diversity of avian species, marine mammals, and humans. 3/9

These findings are from a study in Science which performed a genetic and structural analysis of the H5N1 mutations necessary to fully switch host receptor recognition. www.science.org/doi/10.1126/... 2/9

We are one mutation away from human-to-human transmission of H5N1 (bird flu).

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Overall, these results highlight the potential of targeting specific brain regions to maximize the engagement of spinal cord-projecting neurons in the recovery of neurological functions after spinal cord injury. 11/11

A pilot clinical study showed that DBSLH immediately improved walking in two participants with incomplete SCI and, in conjunction with rehabilitation, mediated functional recovery that persisted when DBSLH was turned off. 10/11

This discovery was translated into a deep brain stimulation therapy of the LH (DBSLH) that immediately augmented walking in mice and rats with SCI and durably increased recovery through the reorganization of residual lumbar-terminating projections from brainstem neurons. 9/11

Specifically, it was found that glutamatergic neurons located in the LH (LHVglut2) contribute to the recovery of walking after incomplete SCI and that augmenting their activity improves walking. 8/11

Unexpectedly, interrogation of this atlas nominated the lateral hypothalamus (LH). 7/11

To uncover these regions, a space–time brain-wide atlas of transcriptionally active and spinal cord-projecting neurons underlying the recovery of walking after incomplete SCI was constructed. 6/11

However, prioritizing regions and neurons across the entire brain that are responsive to biological perturbations remains a fundamental challenge in neuroscience. 5/11

When the SCI is incomplete, the reorganization of residual projections from spinal cord-projecting neuronal populations located in the brain restores a sufficient degree of communication to mediate spontaneous yet partial recovery of walking. 4/11

SCI scatters the communication between the brain and the neurons in the lumbar spinal cord that must be activated to produce walking. 3/11

These findings are from a study in Nature Medicine which aimed to identify brain regions that steer the recovery of walking after incomplete spinal cord injury (SCI). www.nature.com/articles/s41... 2/11

Deep brain stimulation allowed people to walk again after a spinal cord injury.

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