Matthew Lee

50 AI Hallucination Cases UK Courts (Suspected or Confirmed) Legal analysis of 50 suspected and confirmed AI hallucination cases UK Courts focusing on fake citations, regulatory referrals, and the recent UT(IAC) decision.

naturalandartificiallaw.com/ai-hallucina... #ailaw #aihallucinations

AI Deepfake Database, 47 UK Hallucinations& Tribunal Lessons The launch of the International AI Deepfake Database, analysis of 47 UK hallucination cases and broader lessons from the Employment Tribunal.

naturalandartificiallaw.com/ai-deepfake-... #deepfakes #aihallucinations #employmentribunal

AI Privilege in US v Heppner & New UKIPO Hallucinations US court considers AI privilege in US v Heppner. Plus, new UKIPO findings bring the total of UK suspected or confirmed AI hallucinations to 43.

43 reported incidents in the UK courts and tribunals of AI hallucinations (suspected or confirmed) and AI Privilege?#aihallucinations #ailaw #aiprivilege naturalandartificiallaw.com/ai-privilege...

AI Hallucinations in Court: 38UK Sanctions & Case Law Update Legal analysis of recent AI hallucinations in court cases 2026 and evidence. Commentary AI in legal practice.

naturalandartificiallaw.com/ai-hallucina... #ailaw #aihallucinations #legaltech

The Thirty-seven UK Cases of Hallucinated Citations, AI and Otherwise: Phantom cases, ChatGPT's "top 10 cases" and Updated UK Tracker. “…This was pointed out to him at the hearing. He immediately admitted what he had done and that the references were phantoms created by AI"

open.substack.com/pub/naturala... #ailaw #aihallucinations

3 Key AI Legal Cases: Hallucinations, Expert Evidence & Hire Analyse three pivotal AI legal cases regarding hallucinated citations, expert evidence disputes, and algorithmic bias in recruitment. Essential lessons.

naturalandartificiallaw.com/ai-legal-cas... #ailaw #ai #aihallucinations

With thanks to Matthew Lee at Doughty Street for keeping track, here's a clutch of recent First Tier Tribunal (PC) and Upper Tribunal (LC) cases involving LLM generative AI issues - you might expect this given the high number of LIPs, but also includes a solicitor

nearlylegal.co.uk/2026/01/ai-i...

The Thirty-one UK cases of hallucinated citations, AI and otherwise: Elden v HMRC [2026] UKFTT 41 (TC) and the current UK case list “It is not ‘co-operating with the Tribunal’ to neither confirm nor deny the use of AI.”

open.substack.com/pub/naturala... #ai #ailaw #aihallucinations #legaltech

AI in the Courts: Lessons from Australia and the US Legal commentary on Bezzina (Australia) and Gardner (USA). Exploring the risks of AI in the courts, unauthorised practice and second opinions.

naturalandartificiallaw.com/ai-in-the-co...

AI Law: Is It Now a Distinct Practice Area? Is AI law a distinct practice area or something that cuts across everything? A practical look at emerging legal disputes directly related to AI.

naturalandartificiallaw.com/ai-law-pract...

#ailaw #ai #law

AI in Judicial Decision Making: 5 issues Dame Victoria Sharp An analysis of Dame Victoria Sharp’s Mayflower Lecture on AI in judicial decision making. Exploring the ‘Black Box’ problem, hallucinations, bias etc.

naturalandartificiallaw.com/ai-in-judici...
#ailaw #aijudges

30 hallucinated citations in UK: recent cases and lessons. Recent UK decisions on AI hallucinated citations, including D (A Child) (Recusal) [2025] EWCA Civ 1570, and what courts expect from parties.

naturalandartificiallaw.com/thirty-uk-ha...
#aihallucinations #ailaw

ChatGPT Evidence in Family Law: G v K [2025] EWHC 2961 How did the High Court treat ChatGPT evidence in family law? This analysis of G v K [2025] EWHC 2961 (Fam) and how that may impact other law.

naturalandartificiallaw.com/chatgpt-evid... #ailaw #familylaw #chatgpt

Four New UK AI Hallucination Cases (24 in Total) Another four UK AI hallucination cases bring the total to 24. This update tracks false citations in courts and why the problem is escalating globally.

naturalandartificiallaw.com/uk-ai-halluc... #AIlaw #AIhallucinations

Christmas gnome with skis on snow

Enjoy an afternoon with us and Father Christmas at The Inner Temple for our annual Children’s Christmas Tea! Presents, festive food, and minced pies for all! 🎁 🥧

🛷 Sunday, 14 December
⛪ 3.30pm Nativity Play in @TempleChurchLDN
🎄 4pm Christmas Tea in Inner Temple Hall
🎅🏻 Tickets: nrtm.pl/4hYEOHm

20th UK AI Hallucinations/Fabricated Citations (Employment) 20th UK AI Hallucinations/Fabricated Citations Incident from the ET: Standards Remain Key, but Legal Qualification and Volunteer Input Matter.”

naturalandartificiallaw.com/20th-uk-ai-h... #AIlaw #UKAIhallucinations #AIhallucinations

19th Recorded Incident AI Hallucinations & Fabricated law UK The 19th recorded UK incident involving AI hallucinations and fabricated legal citations. Judge used AI tools to test the submissions.

naturalandartificiallaw.com/19th-uk-ai-h... #ailaw #aihallucinations #fabricatedcitations

Updated AI Guidance for Judicial Office Holders 31Oct2025 The AI Guidance for Judicial Office Holders was updated on 31 October 2025. In this legal article I consider the key provisions.

naturalandartificiallaw.com/updated-ai-g... #AI #ailaw #judicialguidance

4 False Citations/Suspected AI from Ireland (WRC Guidance) False legal citations in Ireland. New WRC guidance clarifies how to use AI for submissions, how to avoid false citations and what lawyers must do.

#ailaw #falsecitations #aihallucinations

naturalandartificiallaw.com/false-citati...

18th UK False Legal Citation: source unclear & no criticism Turning to this latest legal case report, which is most likely the 18th False Legal Citation case in the UK, I reflect on the court's nuanced approach.

naturalandartificiallaw.com/18th-uk-fals... #ailaw #aihallucinations #artificialintelligence

Free Legal AI Webinar + 7 Takeaways from Sir Geoffrey Vos Join a free legal AI webinar with expert panellists and explore seven key takeaways from Sir Geoffrey Vos on AI, justice, and the future of law.

naturalandartificiallaw.com/free-legal-a... #ailaw #aihallucinations #legaltech

3 New UK False Citations/AI Hallucinations Cases: 17 now The phenomenon of false citations/AI hallucinations continues to grow. This article reviews three new UK incidents.

Three New False Citations/AI Hallucinations in UK: Citation Wrongly Deployed Twice? Brings the Total to 17 naturalandartificiallaw.com/false-citati... #AIlaw #legaltech

I’m Hosting a Public Free Legal AI Webinar: Come for a Virtual Coffee (With or Without the Coffee) on AI and Law with Me and Voices from AI Law and Beyond - Natural and Artificial Law With that in mind, I’m going to try something new: a regular, informal online gathering. Think of it as a virtual coffee discussion a chance to talk in real

I’m Hosting a Public Free Legal AI Webinar: Come for a Virtual Coffee (With or Without the Coffee) on AI and Law with Me and Voices from AI Law and Beyond naturalandartificiallaw.com/im-hosting-a... #ailaw #aihallucinations

AI Witness Statements UK: Another Hallucination? Explores AI witness statements UK courts under CPR 32 and PD 22A and a further hallucination incident? What this means for evidence.

A Further UK Hallucination Incident? Reflections on AI Witness Statements UK, and ‘Own Words’ Requirements naturalandartificiallaw.com/ai-witness-s... #ailaw #aihallucinations #ai #legaltech

Will AI Replace Lawyers? A Living Record of Expert Views Will AI replace lawyers? Evidence-led answers with quotes from judges, lawyers, academics and tech, plus a live Tracker you can contribute to.

naturalandartificiallaw.com/will-ai-repl... #ailaw #aihallucinations #ai #legaltech

E&W (Tax) Tribunal Judge uses AI: 5 Key and Urgent Issues UK tribunal judge uses AI in an HMRC tax disclosure case. Full decision, guidance, and implications for lawyers and litigation practice.

England and Wales (Tax) Tribunal Judge uses AI to Make Judicial Decision and Explains Why: 5 essential takeaways from a tax decision naturalandartificiallaw.com/judge-uses-ai/ #ailaw #aijudge #legaltech

Concerning UT(IAC) no2: Hamid judgment on AI hallucinations UT Hamid judgment on AI Hallucinations in Ms (Bangladesh) v SSHD on AI hallucinations and false citations, with Ayinde v LB of Haringey considered.

Fabricated Citations 11th Incident in UK revisited in UT(IAC): Hamid Judgment on AI hallucinations in Ms (Bangladesh) v SSHD naturalandartificiallaw.com/hamid-judgme... #ailaw #legaltech #aihallucinations

Weekly Update AI Hallucinations Sep1-Sep7 The first week of September 2025 is not looking good. There are already eight reported incidents of AI Hallucinations and/or fabricated citations.

naturalandartificiallaw.com/weekly-ai-ha... #ailaw #legaltech #aihallucinations #artificial intelligence

False Citations/AI Hallucinations in UK courts (15): Kuzniar False Citations/AI Hallucinations in UK courts via Kuzniar v GDC: what happened, how costs were weighed, and why this matters for litigation.

naturalandartificiallaw.com/false-citati... #EmploymentTribunal #AIinLaw #LegalTech #AIlaw #AIHallucinations #LegalCosts

Garcia v Character AI and 3 Critical New Chatbot Harm Cases Latest on Garcia v Character AI plus Texas, Raine v OpenAI and Utah v Snap. Key rulings and what these chatbot harm cases mean for liability

naturalandartificiallaw.com/garcia-v-cha... #ChildProtection #AIlaw #ArtificialIntelligence