Kai Tong

Kai Tong

@kaitong25.bsky.social

Postdoc in Ahmad (Mo) Khalil's lab at Harvard University / Boston University. Synthetic multicellularity | Understanding and engineering multicellularity via synthetic biology and experimental evolution.

105 Followers 55 Following 2 Posts Joined Mar 2025
1 week ago

Final version @nature.com of our paper describing unconventional multicellular development in a choanoflagellate inhabiting an extreme environment. A ton of new data since the first @biorxivpreprint.bsky.social preprint (which we've kept updating).

A brief 🧵 (carried over from the old place)

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1 month ago
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Top Posts from the Research Communities in 2025: A Year in Review We’ve brought together a shortlist of some of the most viewed blog posts in 2025, highlighting contributions from diverse research areas. What was your favourite post of 2025? Share your thoughts in t...

Nature highlighted @kaitong25.bsky.social's 'Behind the Paper' blog post in their end of year round up: communities.springernature.com/posts/top-po...

The funny thing is, they told us "Posts over 1,000 words have reduced engagement- yours is over 3,000 words, please reduce length". We kept it long.

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1 month ago
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📱Is the origin of animals comparable to the origin of the smartphones? Yes! See our new review in @embojournal.org where we show how important it was the new "Operating System" (animalOS)for animals to evolve! with @ricardsole.bsky.social, Nick and Elena @ibe-barcelona.bsky.social @csic.es @prbb.org

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3 months ago
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The fitness costs of reproductive specialization scale inversely with organismal size The evolution of reproductive specialization represents a fundamental innovation in multicellular life, yet the conditions favoring its evolution remain poorly understood. Here, we develop a populatio...

1/28 New preprint up, which I think is the best theoretical idea I've ever had. We asked a simple question: what are the costs of investment into non-reproductive somatic cells? Turns out these costs decrease with the *logarithm* of organism size!

www.biorxiv.org/content/10.6...

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3 months ago
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"Technology always becomes obsolete, but a good aesthetic is, by definition, timeless" -Sheehan Quirke

Preview of my flower design toolkit and its visual language.

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4 months ago
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🚨Our collaboration with @centriolelab.bsky.social & @gautamdey.bsky.social is out today in @cp-cell.bsky.social
We show that #Expansion #Microscopy is a broad-spectrum modality for Euks, enabling 3D phenotypic maps rooted to phylogeny.
#ProtistsOnSky #SciComm #SciSky

www.cell.com/cell/fulltex...

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4 months ago
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A new review paper from our lab courtesy of @jazzsynbio.bsky.social is published in Trends in Biotechnology
In this review, we look at the many opportunities for synthetic biology to be used in the research and applications of Holobionts.

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5 months ago
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Happy to share the Biodiversity Cell Atlas white paper, out today in @nature.com. We look at the possibilities, challenges, and potential impacts of molecularly mapping cells across the tree of life.
www.nature.com/articles/s41...

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6 months ago
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How did life get multicellular? Five simple organisms could have the answer Single-celled species that often stick together in colonies have researchers rethinking the origin of animals.

For some three billion years, unicellular organisms ruled Earth. Then, around one billion years ago, a new chapter of life began

go.nature.com/3JyRV4S

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6 months ago
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Adaptive radiation during long-term experimental evolution of the multicellular bacterium, Streptomyces The rapid diversification of a single lineage into novel ecological niches underpins evolution of biodiversity, with adaptive radiations being important drivers of ecological diversity across the tree...

Adaptive radiation during long-term experimental evolution of the multicellular bacterium #Streptomyces www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1...

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7 months ago
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STEPS To It Announcing a new program, called STEPS, to simulate the dynamics of evolving microbial populations.

Excited to share new #program, STEPS, which can simulate #dynamics of the E. coli Long-Term Evolution Experiment (#LTEE) or other microbes in serial transfer regime.

telliamedrevisited.wordpress.com/2025/08/12/s...

STEPS developed by @devinmlake.bsky.social, Zachary Matson, Minako Izutsu, and me.

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7 months ago
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Introducing the 1,000 Flower Collection 🧬🌹

I’m creating 1,000 genetically designed flowers each crafted with new colors, patterns, and shapes.

Here’s how I’m making it happen… and how you can join me on this journey 🧵(1/7)

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8 months ago
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Engineering yeast multicellular behaviors via synthetic adhesion and contact signaling By designing synthetic toolkits for contact-based signaling (MARS) and cell-cell adhesion (SATURN), we program yeast to form multicellular structures and perform complex tasks, like building logic cir...

Online now @ Cell is the yeast multicellular engineering paper from Fankang Meng - the fruits of his productive PhD in our group. He developed modular synthetic biology tools to bring multicellular behaviours to yeast - specific adhesion, juxtacrine signalling and more. www.cell.com/cell/fulltex...

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8 months ago
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1/27 We have a new paper out! Turns out that snowflake yeast have been hiding a secret from us - they've evolved a (very!) crude circulatory system. Not with blood vessels or a heart, but through spontaneous fluid flows powered by their metabolism. 🧪🔬

www.science.org/doi/full/10....

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10 months ago
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Chromatin loops are an ancestral hallmark of the animal regulatory genome - Nature The physical organization of the genome in non-bilaterian animals and their closest unicellular relatives is characterized; comparative analysis shows chromatin looping is a conserved feature of ...

I’m very excited to share our work on the early evolution of animal regulatory genome architecture - the main project of my postdoc, carried out across two wonderful and inspirational labs of @arnausebe.bsky.social and @mamartirenom.bsky.social. www.nature.com/articles/s41...

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10 months ago

Fun Q&A with Curr Bio in which I discuss mammoths, Don Quijote, and why you should not fall in love with a hypothesis authors.elsevier.com/a/1l2MF3QW8S...

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10 months ago
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Evolution and origins of multicellularity across the tree of life The study of the origins and evolution of multicellularity in different lineages has recently captured the attention of many research groups and is fueling the generation of numerous innovative resea…

Sign ups for the fall Barcelona multicellularity meeting are now up- come join us!

meetings.embo.org/event/25-mul...

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10 months ago
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Revealing non-trivial information structures in aneural biological tissues via functional connectivity Author summary A central challenge in understanding several diverse processes in biology, including morphogenesis, wound healing, and development, is learning from empirical data how information is in...

We published a new xenobot-related paper today:

journals.plos.org/ploscompbiol...

In a nutshell: building xenobots from frog "explants" is good because explants, apparently, come with adaptive potential "built in".

This paper took 6 years and 10 co-authors (see post #2) to reach the light.

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11 months ago
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Contrary to popular belief, what is important in science is as much its spirit as its product: it is as much the openmindedness, the primacy of criticism, the submission to the unforeseen, however upsetting, as the result, however new that may be. – Francois Jacob
www.nature.com/articles/s41...

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11 months ago
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Tissue-like multicellular development triggered by mechanical compression in archaea The advent of clonal multicellularity is a critical evolutionary milestone, seen often in eukaryotes, rarely in bacteria, and only once in archaea. We show that uniaxial compression induces clonal mul...

Striking new study from @archaeon-alex.bsky.social's lab just out in @science.org on multicellular development induced by compression in Archaea: www.science.org/doi/10.1126/...

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11 months ago

Thank you! Your kind words make writing this (somewhat long) behind-the-paper blog totally worth it!

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11 months ago
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Plasticity and the evolution of group-level regulation of cellular differentiation in the volvocine algae | Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences During the evolution of multicellularity, the unit of selection transitions from single cells to integrated multicellular cell groups, necessitating the evolution of group-level traits such as somatic...

My new paper examining how plasticity may have shaped the evolution of cellular differentiation is out! We propose that the plastic development of somatic-like cells may have been an intermediate step in the evolution of soma in the volvocine algae. #evosky #mevosky doi.org/10.1098/rspb...

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1 year ago

This "behind the paper" is a pretty fun read. Kai includes discord chats and other pieces of day to day science that do a great job of showing how the paper came together.

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1 year ago

Thank you so much Mo for the really kind words and your tremendous support along the way!

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1 year ago
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Genome duplication in a long-term multicellularity evolution experiment - Nature In the Multicellularity Long Term Evolution Experiment, diploid yeast evolve to be tetraploid under selection for larger multicellular size, revealing how whole-genome duplication can arise due to its...

1/46 Hey folks, we have a new paper out on the MuLTEE. Strap in and I’ll tell you the story of how this “little paper on polyploidy” turned into the most data rich paper our lab has produced, largely thanks to the leadership and work ethic of @kaitong25.bsky.social.

www.nature.com/articles/s41...

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