girl your disease

Designing better systems to navigate the sepsis–antimicrobial stewardship tension Sepsis is a leading cause of preventable death and requires timely antimicrobial treatment to reduce mortality. Despite extensive sepsis management guidelines, high-income countries continue to have c...

Antimicrobial stewardship remains a vitally important practice in the field of infectious diseases so as to effectively manage disease states in community and hospital settings. Practice systems should be consistently modified to match community needs. #PITT_ID25
www.thelancet.com/journals/lan...

Battling antimicrobial resistance: new guidance and insights Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in bacteria commonly implicated in hospital-associated and some community-associated infections is a major public health threat, with 1·91 million deaths attributable to...

Antimicrobial resistance remains one of the toughest challenges of implementing effective treatment strategies in healthcare systems for infectious disease. The constant 'arms race' between pathogens and drugs is a main driver of innovation in the field. #PITT_ID25
www.thelancet.com/journals/lan...

The foretold Oropouche fever epidemic Since October, 2023, Oropouche virus (OROV) has caused a large outbreak of Oropouche fever in the Americas, exposing yet again the vulnerabilities of infectious disease surveillance systems. These wea...

The capabilities of infectious disease surveillance are just as important as the treatments themselves because they guide the development of further treatments and establish areas of critical need. As such, their improvement is vital to development. #PITT_ID25
www.thelancet.com/journals/lan...

Why now? The measles controversy We read with great interest the recent Editorial published in The Lancet Infectious Diseases,1 which forcefully calls attention to the troubling global resurgence of measles, a long-preventable diseas...

Beyond the availability of therapeutic treatment, public health policy and acceptance of medical decision-making are important factors and can provide great barriers to implementation. #PITT_ID25
www.thelancet.com/journals/lan...

Maternal mastitis and streptococcal toxic shock syndrome risk from breastfeeding children with scarlet fever: case report and literature review Lactational mastitis is a common condition during breastfeeding, which, in rare cases, can progress to life-threatening necrotising mastitis, particularly in cases where Streptococcus pyogenes is invo...

Parent-to-child transmission remains a key point to consider in pregnant people who contract infectious diseases. Even post-gestational transmission can arise via breastfeeding and must be taken into consideration when choosing to do so. #PITT_ID25
www.thelancet.com/journals/lan...

The effect of disease transmission on time-aggregated treatment efficacy estimates: a critical analysis of factors influencing the RTS,S and R21 malaria vaccine phase 3 trials Comparing the efficacy of preventive interventions against infectious diseases, such as vaccines, across different field clinical trials or between subpopulations within the same trial, is common prac...

Immunizations remain one of the most effective ways to protect communities against infectious disease. Prophylaxis should always be the primary goal in therapy development practice in order to best serve communities at large. #PITT_ID25
www.thelancet.com/journals/lan...

Doxy-PEP could select for ceftriaxone resistance in Neisseria gonorrhoeae In their open-label extension of the doxycycline post-exposure prophylaxis (doxy-PEP) randomised controlled trial (RCT), Anne F Luetkemeyer and colleagues1 conclude that doxy-PEP did not select for go...

Testing for cross-resistance induced by antibiotic therapies is important in order to avoid the incidence of unintended outcomes of therapeutic regimens. However, these trials need to be thoroughly evaluated in order to avoid unnecessary error. #PITT_ID25
www.thelancet.com/journals/lan...

Balancing safety and efficacy: new insights on primaquine for malaria transmission blocking Malaria remains a major global concern, particularly in areas with increasing artemisinin partial resistance, where controlling transmission is crucial in curbing the spread of resistant parasites. In...

Malaria remains one of the leading causes of death worldwide via infectious disease. Although novel treatments can present great breakthroughs for combatting its effects, they must be of greater benefit than risk in order to be effective in practice. #PITT_ID25
www.thelancet.com/journals/lan...

Novel viruses present unique cases of epidemiology that must be studied effectively in order to characterize their potential effect on communities worldwide. By catching it this early, we can better prepare ourselves to combat its impact on health states. #PITT_ID25 www.thelancet.com/journals/lan...

Safety, pharmacokinetics, and early bactericidal activity of quabodepistat in combination with delamanid, bedaquiline, or both in adults with pulmonary tuberculosis: a randomised, active-controlled, o... In this 14-day trial, quabodepistat plus delamanid plus bedaquiline, a novel three-drug combination, appeared to be safe, well tolerated, and provided robust early bactericidal activity in adults with...

Tuberculosis treatments are always evolving in order to match the progression of the disease itself. Even complex regimens like three-drug combinations can offer potential benefits unseen in prior therapeutic regimens adapted to current standards. #PITT_ID25
www.thelancet.com/journals/lan...

The burden of β-lactam allergy labels in health care: a systematic review and meta-analysis BALs are associated with an array of adverse health outcomes, especially surgical site infection and infection or colonisation with MDROs and C difficile. Although BALs were associated with longer hos...

Beta-lactam allergies presents a major barrier to many when considering abx regimens. That being said, inaccurate allergy labeling creates unnecessary avoidance of first-line treatments in pts with many diseases. Improving charting is vital to avoid it. #PITT_ID25 www.thelancet.com/journals/lan...

Tuberculosis preventive therapy: scientific and ethical considerations for trials of ultra-short regimens Preventive therapy remains key to the elimination of tuberculosis and is typically offered to people with presumptive Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection to prevent active disease. Although the durat...

The usage of short trials on patients with active infections presents ethical questions of its risk considering the conditions required to institute trials. Shortening regimens is important, but the patient's safety supersedes unrealized benefits. #PITT_ID25 www.thelancet.com/journals/lan...

Clinical profile analysis of SARS-CoV-2 community infections during periods with omicron BA.2, BA.4/5, and XBB dominance in Hong Kong: a prospective cohort study SARS-CoV-2 infections were generally mild, but not increasingly so, along the evolution of omicron subvariants in this highly vaccinated population. About a third of participants with symptomatic infe...

Characterizing new strains of viral illnesses is vital for identifying the changes in population needs as the different effects are fully realized. New strains are always developing and need to be assessed for their impact as soon as possible. #PITT_ID25 www.thelancet.com/journals/lan...

Serotype-specific epidemiological patterns of inapparent versus symptomatic primary dengue virus infections: a 17-year cohort study in Nicaragua Our study indicates that case surveillance skews the perceived epidemiological footprint of DENV. We reveal a more complex and intricate pattern of serotype distribution in inapparent infections. The ...

Surveillance of both apparent and asymptomatic cases is vital to most accurately establish the epidemiological footprint of a pathogen. Classifying them via serotype allows us to most precisely develop countermeasures against major health concerns. #PITT_ID25 www.thelancet.com/journals/lan...

Efficacy and safety of sipavibart for prevention of COVID-19 in individuals who are immunocompromised (SUPERNOVA): a randomised, controlled, double-blind, phase 3 trial The primary analysis showed efficacy and safety of sipavibart in preventing symptomatic COVID-19 in participants who are immunocompromised when susceptible (ie, non-Phe456Leu-containing) variants domi...

Alternative methods of treatment, such as monoclonal antibodies, can be crucial in providing protection for immunocompromised patients. A Phase 3 trial shows great potential as immunocompromised patients can be contraindicated for vaccines. #PITT_ID25
www.thelancet.com/journals/lan...

Encephalitis: a growing global threat Encephalitis annually affects 1–1·5 million people worldwide.1 A serious and often life-threatening neurological condition, it has high mortality and morbidity, affecting all age groups.2 It also pose...

Although many know of viral illnesses that challenge healthcare systems worldwide, some resultant diseases, like encephalitis, are often overlooked. Attention to public health is vital; these reports demonstrate the factors that influence its prevalence. #PITT_ID25
www.thelancet.com/journals/lan...

Early evidence of RSV vaccination impact on hospitalisation rates of older people in Scotland Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is known to cause considerable respiratory infection-related morbidity and mortality worldwide.1,2 Estimates published in 2022 from the UK highlight the disproportion...

Immunizations in older adults is critical in maintaining defense against serious infections such as RSV. Promising evidence for positive outcomes is important for corroborating the usage of novel healthcare interventions and combatting vaccine hesitancy. #PITT_ID25
www.thelancet.com/journals/lan...

Vaccination in Africa—no hesitancy without access Mpox vaccines are finally trickling into Africa after having been available in non-endemic, high-income countries for more than 2 years. Yet, they will have limited impact in stemming the ongoing outb...

Vaccine hesitancy is a prominent healthcare concern nearly worldwide and is a large contributing factor to public health struggles. However, access is always a higher priority, with supply of new product urgently needed for outbreaks of viral illnesses. #PITT_ID25
www.thelancet.com/journals/lan...

Safety and immunogenicity of a single-dose omicron-containing COVID-19 vaccination in adolescents: an open-label, single-arm, phase 2/3 trial In vaccine-naive, SARS-CoV-2-positive adolescents, single-dose mRNA-1273.222 was effective against COVID-19 based on successful immunobridging to the two-dose mRNA-1273 primary series in young adults....

Studies with new variants of COVID vaccines developed from new strains are important so as to keep up with the ever-changing clades. Furthermore, results that may simplify future treatment guidelines make them more accessible to the public. #PITT_ID25 www.thelancet.com/journals/lan...

Newborns with microcephaly in Brazil and potential vertical transmission of Oropouche virus: a case series We detected OROV IgM in six of 68 newborns with microcephaly of unknown cause. One infant who died had OROV RNA and antigen in several tissues, including the brain. The possibility of OROV vertical tr...

Vertical transmission of viral infections is an important key topic when discussing both maternal and pre/postnatal health. Treatment guidelines change vastly depending on the mode of transmission, and studies like this are crucial for their evelopment. #PITT_ID25
www.thelancet.com/journals/lan...

Reduced Effectiveness of Repeat Influenza Vaccination: Distinguishing Among Within-Season Waning, Recent Clinical Infection, and Subclinical Infection Two potential factors—timing of vaccination and clinical infection history—cannot fully explain the increased risk of influenza infection in repeat vaccine

The ability of health institutions to anticipate proliferative strains of influenza has resulted in a yearly challenge with regards to flu season. However, the importance of timing is proving to be an important factor and may adjust GDMT in the future. #PITT_ID25
academic.oup.com/jid/article/...

Removal of HIV- and LGBTQ-Related CDC Webpages Creates Dangerous Gaps in Scientific Information

The intersection of minority populations' access to healthcare and the effect of infectious diseases on society isn't to be undermined. Groups with unique risks to a given disease need to be represented well so as to protect them from its effects.

#PITT_ID25
www.idsociety.org/news--public...

Associations between the gut microbiome, inflammation and cardiovascular profiles in people with HIV This study links gut microbiome alterations, particularly reduced SCFA-producing bacteria, to systemic inflammation, diet, and cardiovascular disease risk

Although primary symptoms and risk profiles have been well-established for HIV, examining the link between AIDS and how chronic immune activation affects other organ systems is important so as to best characterize areas of need in long-term patient care. #PITT_ID25

academic.oup.com/jid/advance-...

Antiviral activity of tecovirimat against monkeypox virus clades 1a, 1b, 2a, and 2b The zoonotic Orthopoxvirus monkeypox virus includes two main clades (ie, 1 and 2) relevant to human transmission.1 Two major outbreaks of monkeypox virus have occurred since 2022,1–3 and were declared...

In vitro testing is showing promising results for a novel antiviral therapy for mpox strains found in two large outbreaks; these early stages of treatment development are critical to keep up with the race to protect people against viral pathogens! #PITT_ID25
www.thelancet.com/journals/lan...

The link between genetic technology and susceptibility to illness is one of the key frontiers of advancements in medicine; I look forward to seeing more findings regarding the utility of the CCL17 gene and Lyme disease!

#PITT_ID25

This is amazing to hear - pediatrics-focused healthcare initiatives are crucial to support in areas which are particularly susceptible to certain illnesses, such as TB.

#PITT_ID25