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Our purpose is to engage in identifying and analyzing disinformation, formulating defensive strategies, and crafting proactive measures to counter and minimize its impact. Find us at NafoForum.org Support us at https://buymeacoffee.com/nafoforum
NAFO Forum - The Kremlin’s Useful Chaos: Troop Watch Data from the 1992-1994 Red Army Withdrawal from the Baltic Countries nafoforum.org/magazine/the...
For years, some of us kept insisting that propaganda and influence operations were not side issues but a real security problem for democratic societies.
Four years into this war, that argument is no longer fringe.
The harder question now is whether our response has matured as fast as the threat.
NAFO Forum - Four Years In, the Disinformation Field Is Changing nafoforum.org/magazine/fou...
This creates an invisible and dangerous gap.
On one side sit institutions producing serious, painstaking research about how modern influence works.
On the other side are ordinary citizens living inside its effects without language to recognize them.
Between the two lies silence.
Yet the forces they describe shape political decisions, public moods, and sometimes the path toward conflict itself.
Most people will never read a 300-page government research report.
They will never encounter phrases like “active measures,” “hybrid influence,” or “reflexive control.” These words belong to analysts, not citizens.
NAFO Forum - When influence does not look like influence nafoforum.org/magazine/whe...
A false claim appears online. It spreads quickly.
Journalists debunk it. Platforms remove it. Policymakers promise new safeguards.
Then the cycle repeats, often with a different narrative but the same sense of exhaustion.
Why influence is no longer about content - and why our defenses keep missing the system
For years, public debate about disinformation has followed a familiar pattern.
NAFO Forum - From Disinformation to Cognitive Infrastructure nafoforum.org/magazine/fro...
Yet almost immediately, attention shifted away from what the initiative claimed it would do and toward something more basic: how it was structured, who convened it, and where authority within it appeared to sit.
At this year’s World Economic Forum in Davos, a new structure was unveiled under the name “Board of Peace.”
It arrived with ceremony and with the kind of language that tends to accompany moments of global uncertainty.
The more useful question today is not why a particular story exists, but which operational system keeps producing similar stories, who pays for that system, which infrastructure allows it to function, and where it can be disrupted.
That reflex made sense when misinformation was mostly accidental or marginal. It breaks down in an environment shaped by foreign information manipulation and interference, where falsehoods do not appear randomly but are produced continuously by organised systems.
The machinery behind the message
When a false story appears online, the instinctive reaction is to ask whether it is true and who posted it.
NAFO Forum - Why Disinformation Doesn’t Stop When a Story Is Debunked nafoforum.org/magazine/why...
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NAFO Forum - How Russia exterminated Ukrainians and got away with it nafoforum.org/magazine/how...
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As such, it is cautious in tone, dense in language, and deliberately avoids public facing rhetoric.
This document is not written for the public, journalists, or social media audiences. It is written to help decision makers understand how science, technology, and human behavior intersect in modern conflict.
The report was produced by NATO’s Science and Technology Organization, which exists to translate research into decision support for senior political and military leadership.
That context matters.
It tells us how NATO’s scientific and strategic community is now framing a problem that has been building for years but no longer fits older categories like propaganda, information warfare, or psychological operations.
The NATO Chief Scientist Research Report on Cognitive Warfare is not a political manifesto and it is not a declaration of new doctrine. It is best understood as a signal.
NAFO Forum - NATO Chief Scientist Research Report on Cognitive Warfare nafoforum.org/magazine/nat...
Instead, it operates inside everyday information flows, shaping how people perceive reality, how they interpret events, and how confident they feel in their own judgments.
It is already happening, mostly unnoticed, and largely misunderstood. What makes it difficult to recognize is that it does not look like war. There are no uniforms, no declarations, and no clear beginning or end.
Cognitive warfare is not a future threat and it is not a military theory waiting to be tested.
