Etymology Bro

OMEGA

From Hellenistic Greek ὦ μέγα (Ô MÉGA), literally "great O." Compare ὂ μικρόν (Ò MIKRÓN) "small O."

OMEGA was created in the 600s BCE to represent a long "aw" sound, as in LAW. Uppercase Ω is merely O with a split and pointed edges. Lowercase ω curls the edges upward.

#etymology #doctorwho

MUZAK

A blend of MUSIC and KODAK.

MUSIC ultimately comes from Ancient Greek μουσικὴ τέχνη (MOUSIKḔ TÉKHNĒ) "art of the Muses," from Μοῦσᾰ (MOÛSĂ) "Muse." MUSIC replaced Old English DRĒAM "joy, music."

KODAK doesn't mean anything. George Eastman simply invented something catchy.

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YARON

From Hebrew יָרוֹן (YĀRÔN), adapted into English as JARON. Apparently from the verb לָרוֹן (LĀRŌN) "to sing, rejoice," from the root ר-נ-ן (R-N-N). Compare יָרֹן (YĀRŌN) "he/it will sing."

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SARAH

From Hebrew שָׂרָה (SĀRĀH), meaning "princess" in Biblical Hebrew and "government minister" in modern Hebrew. שָׂרָה is the female version of שַׂר (SAR) "prince; (male) government minister."

שַׂר and שָׂרָה are related to Akkadian ŠARRU "king," as in the names BELSHAZZAR and SARGON.

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SUSAN

Short for SUSANNA, from Ancient Greek Σουσάννᾱ (SOUSÁNNĀ), from Hebrew שׁוֹשַׁנָּה (SHÔSHANNĀH) "lily, rose."

Ultimately from Egyptian ZŠN "lotus." Compare Ancient Greek σοῦσον (SOÛSON) "lotus" plus Arabic سَوْسَن (SAWSAN), Persian سوسن (SÔSAN), and Spanish AZUCENA, all "lily."

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RANI

From Hindi रानी and Urdu رانی (RĀNĪ) "queen," from Sanskrit राज्ञी (RĀJÑĪ). The male counterpart is Sanskrit राजा (RĀ́JĀ) "king," the source of Hindi राय (RĀY).

RANI is distantly related to "queen" words in Celtic and Italic languages, such as Irish RÍON and Latin RĒGĪNA.

#etymology #doctorwho

However, there are two other explanations I like:

1. Traditionally explained as from εὐρῠ́ς (EURŬ́S) "broad, wide" + ὤψ (ṒPS) "eye, face."
2. From a Semitic root meaning "west" and referring to the setting sun, related to Arabic مَغْرِب (MAḠRIB) and Hebrew מַעֲרָב (MA'ĂRĀV), both "west."

Εὐρώπη probably comes from a lost language spoken before Greek, based on placenames starting with EUROP- in Greece and Macedonia, which suggest an origin in a language spoken before Greek arrived in the Aegean basin 4000 years ago.

For more, read this article:
www.robertbeekes.nl/wp-content/u...

EURO-

An abbreviation of EUROPEAN that first appeared around 1850 in EURO-ASIATIC.

EUROPE and EUROPEAN ultimately come from Εὐρώπη (EURṒPĒ), which is of disputed origin and was the name of a Phoenician princess from Tyre (today Ṣūr, Lebanon) in Greek mythology.

#etymology #eurovision

JET

First used about aircraft in the early 1940s. Named after jet propulsion, which relies on jets of gas or liquid.

JET comes from French JETER "to throw," ultimately from Latin IACERE. Compare Italian GETTARE and Spanish ECHAR.

IACERE (stem IECT-) is the source of EJECT and PROJECT.

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LEO

Latin LEŌ "lion" is the source of most Celtic, Germanic, and Romance words for "lion," plus DANDELION. It comes from Ancient Greek λέων (LÉŌN), as in CHAMELEON and LEOPARD.

Λέων comes from a Semitic root also found in Arabic لَبُؤَة (LABUʔA) "lioness" and Hebrew לָבִיא (LĀVÎ') "lion."

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Latin POPULUS allegedly appears in the ancient Latin hymn Carmen Saliare in the plural form POPLOE (as PILUMNOE POPLOE "javelin-wielding people," in reference to the Romans), indicating an earlier singular form such as POPLOS. It may be of Etruscan origin.

POPULACE vs. POPULOUS

POPULACE (n.) "people generally; population," from French, from Italian POPOLACCIO "common people."

POPULOUS (adj.) "full of people," from Latin POPULŌSUS.

Both ultimately from Latin POPULUS "people." Compare French PEUPLE, Italian POPOLO, and Spanish PUEBLO.

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www.oed.com/dictionary/h...

HUNDRED

From Old English, from a Germanic root meaning "row of hundred" and referring to 100, 120, or any great number.

The HUND- element is the same as the -AND in THOUSAND. It's related to Ancient Greek ἑκατόν (HEKATÓN) and Latin CENTUM; compare HECTO- "100" and CENT "a 1/100 unit."

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www.teanglann.ie/en/fgb/cearn...
www.teanglann.ie/en/fgb/mac
www.teanglann.ie/en/fgb/%C3%B3
Dictionary of American Family Names, 2nd edition, © Oxford University Press, 2022.

CARNEY

Anglicized from either of two Irish surnames: MAC CEARNAIGH or Ó CEARNAIGH. Compare KEARNEY and MCCARNEY.

CEARNAIGH is a form of CEARNACH, a given name that may mean "victorious" in Irish Gaelic. MAC means "son (of)," while Ó means "descendant, grandson."

#etymology #canada

ELECTION

From Latin ĒLĒCTIŌ "choice," from ĒLIGERE "to choose, pick out," based on LEGERE "to gather," also "to read."

LEGERE (stems LECT-, LIG-) is the source of French LIRE, Italian LEGGERE, and Spanish LEER. Compare COLLECT, INTELLIGENT, LECTURE, LEGEND, LEGIBLE, and SELECTION.

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CONCLAVE

From Latin CONCLĀVE (plural CONCLĀVIA), referring to any space that could be locked, such as a chamber, a dining hall, or even a coop or a stall.

Based on CLĀVIS "key," the source of French CLÉ and CLEF, Italian CHIAVE, and Spanish LLAVE. Compare CLAVICLE and ENCLAVE.

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SCLEROTIC

Meaning "rigid from age, unchanging, unwilling to compromise," it's the adjective form of SCLEROSIS (such as ATHEROSCLEROSIS, the hardening of blood vessels).

Ultimately from Ancient Greek σκληρός (SKLĒRÓS) "hard," related to σκελετός (SKELETÓS) "dried up; skeleton."

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TRADE

From Middle Dutch or Middle Low German, meaning "course, path, track." It originally meant "footprints, tread," then "job," then "commerce." The 🏳️‍🌈 sense dates to the 1910s.

Despite the resemblance to Latin TRĀDERE "to hand over" (the source of TRADITION), there is no connection.

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EASTER

From Old English ĒASTRE, related to German OSTERN. According to the Northumbrian monk Bede (c. 673–735), ĒASTRE was the name of an Anglo-Saxon spring goddess.

ĒASTRE is likely related to EAST, both from a root meaning "dawn." Compare Ancient Greek ἠώς (ĒṒS) and Latin AURŌRA.

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PARTY

"Legal person," "group of people," "political group," "social gathering"—it's all the same word.

From Old French PARTIR "to divide," from Latin PARTĪRE "to distribute, share."

TEA PARTY first appears in 1766, BIRTHDAY PARTY in 1808, THIRD PARTY in 1817, and SEARCH PARTY in 1832.

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ADELPHOPOIESIS

From Ancient Greek ἀδελφοποίησις (ADELPHOPOÍĒSIS), based on ἀδελφός (ADELPHÓS) "brother" and ποιέειν (POIÉEIN) "to make."

Ἀδελφός is closely related to δελφῡ́ς (DELPHŪ́S) "womb," which means that ἀδελφός roughly means "same womb."

Δελφῡ́ς is also the source of DOLPHIN.

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NON SEQUITUR

From Latin NŌN SEQUITUR "it does not follow." SEQUITUR "it follows" is a form of SEQUĪ "to follow."

SEQUĪ (stems SEC-, SEQU-) is the source of French SUIVRE, Italian SEGUIRE, and Spanish SEGUIR.

Compare CONSECUTIVE, CONSEQUENCE, EXECUTOR, PROSECUTE, SECOND, and SEQUEL.

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TAX

From Latin TAXĀRE "to touch sharply" or "to charge, estimate," based on TANGERE "to touch."

TANGERE (stem TĀCT-) is the source of CONTACT, INTACT, TANGENT, TANGIBLE, and TASK (from Medieval Latin TASCA, from TAXA).

The original word for "tax" was Old English GAFOL (modern GAVEL).

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AFIKOMAN

Via Yiddish אַפֿיקומן (AFIKOYMN) from Hebrew אֲפִיקוֹמָן (ĂFÎQÔMĀN), from Ancient Greek ἐπικώμιον (EPIKṒMION), literally "after the celebration," from ἐπῐ- (EPĬ-) "after, beyond, with" + κῶμος (KÔMOS) "celebration, festival."

Kῶμος is also the source of COMEDY.

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Correct. Many European languages use the same word (or almost the same word) for both Easter and Passover. It keeps things simple, which is nice!

PASSOVER

Coined in 1530 by William Tynedale in his translation of Genesis into modern English: "And ye shall eate it in haste, for it is the Lordes passeouer."

Based on Hebrew פֶּסַח (PESAKH), from פָּסַח (PĀSAKH) "to pass over." Compare French PÂQUE/PESSAH and Spanish PASCUA/PÉSAJ.

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