Biolojical

What evolution means to most people:
🐟→🦎→🐒→👶
Ok, that happened. Once.
How it usually goes:
🐟→🐟→🐟→🐟
or
🐟→🐟→🐟→💀
and just sometimes
🐟→🐢
🐟→🦉
🐟→🐳

Polyphyly:
(🐢🐧),🐊 Beaked animals
Paraphyly:
(🐊🐢),🐧 Reptiles
Monophyly:
(🐊🐧),🐢 Archosaurs
Single filey:
🐧🐧🐧🐧🐧🐧🐧🐧🐧🐧🐧

Calendar of evolution:
Jan 1☣1st life
Nov 2🐚1st animals
Nov 20🐛1st land animals
Nov 23🦈1st sharks
Nov 26🐸1st tetrapods
Dec 3🌲1st seed plants
Dec 9🌋💀
Dec 10🦕1st dinos
Dec 11🐭1st mammals
Dec 19🌼1st flowers
Dec 20🐦1st birds
Dec 25🦖1st T rex
Dec 26☄💀
Dec 31👋1st humans

How many months of pregnancy?
<1🐁🐀🐹
1🐇🐿️🐨
2🦊🐺🐕🐈
3🐍🐆🐅
4🐖🐼
5🐑🐐
.
7🐻🦌
8🦍
9🐄🤰
10🐃
11🐎🐋
12🐬
13🐫🐪
.
.
16🦏🐳
.
18🦂
.
.
21🐘
22🦈

kg mass:

10³⁰🌞
.
.
.
.
10²⁵🌎
.
10²³🌖
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
10¹⁴🗻
.
.
10¹¹🌀
.
.
10⁸🌉
.
10⁶🌲
10⁵🐋
10⁴🐘
10³🦏
100⛹️
10🐩
1🍍
0.1🐀
0.01🦇
0.001🥜
10¯⁴🐝
10¯⁵🐞
10¯⁶🦟
.
.
.
.
.
10¯¹²🔘cell—👶
.
.
10¯¹⁵🔵cell—🦠
10¯¹⁶🧬chromosome
.
10¯¹⁸🔹virus
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
10¯²⁶⚛️

Christmas tree:

┌🎄
┌| _┌🌿(holly)
| | | └🌱(ivy)
| └| ┌🌰(roasting on🔥)
|  ‾└🍐🌳
|   _┌🎅
|  ┌| └🤶
| ┌|└🐁(not stirring)
| |└|┌🐎(dashing through🌨️)
| | └| ┌🔴👃🦌
| |  ‾└(all of the other)🦌
└|┌🕊️🕊️
└| ┌🇫🇷🐔🇫🇷🐔🇫🇷🐔
  ‾└🦢🦢🦢🦢🦢🦢🦢

Interspecies hybrids:
🐯♂×🦁♀→tigon
🦁♂×🐯♀→liger
🐆♂×🦁♀→leopon
🦁♂×🐆♀→lipard
🐏×🐐→geep
🦓×🐴→zebroid
🐫×🐪→tülu
🍊×🍋→rangpur
🇨🇱🍓×🇨🇦🍓→the🍓we eat
👨×🦍→no

♂️/♀️names:

🦌🐇🐹🐁🐿️🐨buck/doe
🐓🕊️🦀cock/hen
🦆drake/hen
🦃tom/hen
😺tom/queen
🐝🐜drone/queen
🐷🦔🐻🐼boar/sow
🐏ram/ewe
🦊tod/vixen
🐴🦓stallion/mare
🐊🐘🦏🐪🦒🐄🐃🐋🐬bull/cow
🌼staminate/pistillate
🍄mating type A1B1/mating type A1B2/mating type A2B1/mating type…

Species/planet
⚪️(☿):0
🟡(♀️):0
🌎(⨁):2000000+
🔴(♂️):0
🟤(♃):0
🪐(♄):0
🟢(⛢):0
🔵(♆):0

Bovid 19
🐮🐐🐄🐂🐏🐃🐂🐃🐐🐑🦬🐄🐏♉♑♈🥛🥩🍔

Covalent bonds by # of🦶
Water
🐌🐥🐌
Carbon dioxide
🐥🐁🐥
Hydrogen
🐌🐌
Methane
 🐌
🐌🐁🐌
 🐌
Ethanol
 🐌
🐌🐁🐌
🐌🐁🐌
 🐥
 🐌
Vinegar
 🐌
🐌🐁🐌
🐥🐁🐥🐌
Glucose
 🐥🐁🐌
🐌🐥🐁🐌
 🐌🐁🐥🐌
🐌🐥🐁🐌
🐌🐥🐁🐌
 🐌🐁🐌
  🐥
  🐌
Phosphoric acid
  🐥
🐌🐥⭐️🐥🐌
  🐥
 🐌
Helium
🐍

If you say🐵→👩in 10^7 years is absurd…
But accept
🐛→🦋
🐣→🐓
👶→👴
🌰→🌳
in <10^2 years…
Is it really about plausible rates of change? Or your ego?

"The great Tree of Life… with its ever-branching and beautiful ramifications"
-C Darwin
  ┌🐯🐼🐺🐷🐳🦓
  ┌|
┌| └🐒🦍🧒🐰🐿️🐹
| |
┌| └🐊🦖🐧🦅🐍🐢
| |
| └🕷️🦀🦗🐞🦋🐝
|
| ┌🌷🌾🌽🍍🍌🥥
| |
└| ┌🌵🥝🥕🌻🌶️🥔
| |
└| ┌🍀🥜🌹🍑🍎🍉
  └|
  └🍁🍊🍋🥦🍫🌺

Fruit tree
┌🥑
┌🍌🍍
| ┌🥝
| ┌| ┌🌶
└| ‾└🍅🍆
 | ┌🍇
  ‾| ┌🍊🍋
  ‾| ┌🎃
 | ┌| ┌🍉
  ‾| ‾└ 🍈🥒
  | ┌🍓
  ‾| ┌🍑🍒
  ‾└🍎🍐

relative # species/family
Aster🌻🌻🌻🌻🌻🌻🌻🌻🌻🌻🌻🌻🌻🌻🌻🌻🌻🌻🌻🌻🌻🌻🌻
Pea🥜🥜🥜🥜🥜🥜🥜🥜🥜🥜🥜🥜🥜🥜🥜🥜🥜🥜🥜
Coffee☕☕☕☕☕☕☕☕☕☕☕☕☕
Grass🌽🌽🌽🌽🌽🌽🌽🌽🌽🌽
Mint🌿🌿🌿🌿🌿🌿🌿
Cacao🍫🍫🍫🍫
Carrot🥕🥕🥕🥕
Crucifer🥦🥦🥦🥦
Bromeliad🍍🍍🍍🍍
Rose🍓🍓🍓
Grape🍇

The Scientific Method:

Question
 📱=❓
Hypothesis
 📱=⛵️
Experiment
 📱+🌊
Result
 📵
Conclusion
 📱≠⛵️

Favorite use for keratin?
🐟mucus
🐸skin
🦎scales
🐢scutes
🦅feathers
🦔spines
🦁mane
🦊claws
🦏horn
🐋baleen
🐏wool
🐖hooves
🐭whiskers
🐒nails
💈income

Organisms on flags:
🦁🇫🇯🇰🇾🇯🇪🇲🇪🇵🇲🇬🇸🇧🇲🇱🇰🇪🇸
🐆🇭🇷
🐬🇦🇮
🐂🇦🇩🇲🇩
🐏🇫🇰
🐐🇭🇷
🦙🇵🇪
🦌🇬🇸
🐎🇻🇪
🐗🇻🇺
👥🇧🇿
🦅🇲🇽🇦🇱🇦🇸🇿🇲🇻🇮🇷🇸🇲🇪🇲🇩🇰🇿🇪🇬
🦜🇩🇲
🐧🇬🇸
🕊🇫🇯
🐦(other)🇨🇽🇪🇨🇬🇹🇰🇮🇵🇬🇸🇭🇸🇽🇬🇸🇺🇬🇿🇼
🐉🏴󠁧󠁢󠁷󠁬󠁳󠁿🇧🇹
🐢🇰🇾
🐍🇲🇽
🦞🇹🇨
🌿🇨🇾🇪🇷🇬🇹🇸🇲
🌴🇫🇯🇬🇺🇭🇹🇮🇴
🌳🇧🇿🇬🇶🇵🇪
🌲🇱🇧🇳🇫
🌵🇲🇽🇹🇨
🍁🇨🇦
🌰🇬🇩
🍍🇰🇾
🍌🇫🇯

Who shares a great-great-etc. grandparent with you?

# of “greats”:
10⁰👨🏽👩🏽
10¹🧑🏾🧓🏽
10²🧔🏼👩🏿‍🦱all humans
10³
10⁴
10⁵
10⁶🦍🦧all apes
10⁷🐵🐒
10⁸🐰🐯
10⁹🦈🐙all animals
10¹⁰🌼🌲
10¹¹
10¹²🦠🌏all life

Just one organic chemical and its degradation products is why:
🩸=🔴
🥩=🔴
🤮=🟡🟢
🅿️=🟡
💩=🟤

Thanks, heme, for making me a🌈!

How good is your👃?
# olfactory receptor genes:
0-100🐬🐋🦛🦦
.
200-300🦇
300-400👩‍🦲🦏
400-500🐵🦧🦍
500-600🦙
600-700🐐
700-800🐴
800-900🦘🐰🐯😸🐼🐶
900-1000🐑
.
1100-1200🦔
1200-1300🐁🐮
1300-1400🐷
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
2100-2200🦥
.
.
.
2500-2600🐘

Digital tech:
📱🖥️💻💾📀
Nondigital tech:
🎞️📽️📼☎️⏳
Digital animals:
🦎🦝🐒🐸🐿️
Nondigital animals:
🐍🐠🐡🦈🪱

relative # of described species:
plants🌻🌻🌻🌻🌻🌻🌻🌻🌻🌻
fungi🍄🍄🍄
beetles🐞🐞🐞🐞🐞🐞🐞🐞🐞🐞🐞🐞🐞
butterflies/moths🦋🦋🦋🦋🦋🦋
flies🦟🦟🦟🦟🦟
other insects🐝🐝🐝🐝🐝🐝🐝🐝🐝
mollusks🐌🐌🐌
arachnids🕷️🕷️🕷️
other invertebrates🦀🦀🦀🦀🦀🦀
tetrapods🐊
other vertebrates🐡

🧑🏾🦍🐒🦓🦘🐸🐟🦈🐛🦠=🧬
🧑🏾🦍🐒🦓🦘🐸🐟🦈🐛=🧠🧬
🧑🏾🦍🐒🦓🦘🐸🐟🦈=💀🧠🧬
🧑🏾🦍🐒🦓🦘🐸🐟=🦴💀🧠🧬
🧑🏾🦍🐒🦓🦘🐸=🦵🏻🦴💀🧠🧬
🧑🏾🦍🐒🦓🦘=🥛🦵🏻🦴💀🧠🧬
🧑🏾🦍🐒🦓=🤰🏽🥛🦵🏻🦴💀🧠🧬
🧑🏾🦍🐒=💅🏼🤰🏽🥛🦵🏻🦴💀🧠🧬
🧑🏾🦍=👍🏿💅🏼🤰🏽🥛🦵🏻🦴💀🧠🧬
🧑🏾=🗣️👍🏿💅🏼🤰🏽🥛🦵🏻🦴💀🧠🧬

Industrial melanism:
🐈🐈🐈🐈🐈‍⬛→🏭→
🐈‍⬛🐈‍⬛🐈‍⬛🐈‍⬛🐈‍⬛

Hypogean depigmentation:
🐈🐈‍⬛🐈‍⬛🐈‍⬛🐈‍⬛→🚇→
🐈‍🐈‍🐈‍🐈‍🐈‍

Daisyworld:
🐈🐈🐈🐈‍⬛🐈‍⬛→🥶→
🐈🐈🐈‍⬛🐈‍⬛🐈‍⬛→🥵→
🐈🐈🐈🐈‍⬛🐈‍⬛→🥶→
🐈🐈🐈‍⬛🐈‍⬛🐈‍⬛→🥵→
🐈🐈🐈🐈‍⬛🐈‍⬛→🥶→
🐈🐈🐈‍⬛🐈‍⬛🐈‍⬛→🥵→…

What are🇺?

Dust of a🌟

Mostly💧

A🧬longer than any📘, in more copies than all the📚on🌎

Cousin to🐬🦢🦋🌳

More🧠cells than # of👥alive

A🧰that can make🖼️🚀🌉🥘🗽or💣

A🦠after billions of version updates

A🧳made of🥩filled with💩

Among the few⚛️⚛️⚛️in🌌that can🤔🥰😢😆…

Chromosome #
2🐜
6🦟
14🥒
16🐨🍑🍒
18🍋🥕🥦🥬
20🦘🌽
22🦗🍉
24🌷🌶️🥑🍅
26🍁
28🌹
30🦒
32🐝🍀🥥
33🍌
34🦊🐊🍎🌻
36🐌🦛
38🦁🦝🐷🍇
40🐭🥜🥭
42🐼🐀🐡
44🐬🐹🐰🦡
46👥🦓
48🦍🥔
50🐃🍍
54🐏
56🐘🍓
60🐮🐐
64🐴
66🦅🦜
70🦌
74🐻🐪🦙
76🕊️
78🐔🐶🐺
80🦃🦆🦢
82🦏🦈
84🌺
88🦔
90🍠
110🦞
174🥝

🌏history (×10^6 years)
4000🌋
3000🌋☣️
2000🌋☣️
1000🌋☣️
500🌋☣️🐚🍄
450🌋☣️🐚🦈🐙
400🌋☣️🐚🦈🕷️🐌
350🌋☣️🐚🦈🌲🐟
300🌋☣️🐚🦈🌲🐞🐠
250🌋☣️🐚🦈🌲🐸🦎
200🌋☣️🐚🦈🌲🐸🐊🦀
150🌋☣️🐚🦈🌲🐸🐦🦕
100🌋☣️🐚🦈🌲🐸🐦🌴🦖
50🌋☣️🐚🦈🌲🐸🐦🐒🦇🌾
 0🤳

Biotic exchanges:
Beringian 🌏:🐘🐺😀→←🐪🐎:🌎
Columbian 🌎:🌻🍍🍅🌽🌶🍿🍠🥜🍫🚬🥑🥔🦃→←🐈🐄🐖🐑🐐🐓🌾🍈🍉🍊🍋🍌🍎🍐🍑🍒🍆:🌍
Pathogen 🤒→←🤧

Mimicry (mimic:model, model is…)
Batesian🥚:💣 …more dangerous
Müllerian🦀:✂️ …as dangerous
Mertensian🦂:📌 …less dangerous
Vavilovian🐢:🍈 …tasty