Josep Gisbert

📄 Paper: esade.edu/ecpol/wp-con...

#GenAI #Inequality #RCT #AIinEducation #IEUniversity #ToniRoldán #EsadeEcPol #EconomicsResearch

• 🛠️ 𝐔𝐬𝐚𝐠𝐞 𝐠𝐚𝐩 𝐦𝐚𝐭𝐭𝐞𝐫𝐬: The real differentiator was not access to GenAI, but how well students could prompt, interpret, and apply its output

𝐀 𝐟𝐫𝐞𝐬𝐡 𝐩𝐞𝐫𝐬𝐩𝐞𝐜𝐭𝐢𝐯𝐞 𝐨𝐧 𝐡𝐨𝐰 𝐆𝐞𝐧𝐀𝐈 𝐜𝐨𝐮𝐥𝐝 𝐚𝐜𝐭𝐮𝐚𝐥𝐥𝐲 𝐰𝐢𝐝𝐞𝐧, 𝐫𝐚𝐭𝐡𝐞𝐫 𝐭𝐡𝐚𝐧 𝐧𝐚𝐫𝐫𝐨𝐰, 𝐬𝐤𝐢𝐥𝐥 𝐠𝐚𝐩𝐬 𝐞𝐬𝐩𝐞𝐜𝐢𝐚𝐥𝐥𝐲 𝐢𝐧 𝐬𝐞𝐭𝐭𝐢𝐧𝐠𝐬 𝐭𝐡𝐚𝐭 𝐝𝐞𝐦𝐚𝐧𝐝 𝐣𝐮𝐝𝐠𝐦𝐞𝐧𝐭 𝐧𝐮𝐚𝐧𝐜𝐞 𝐚𝐧𝐝 𝐫𝐞𝐚𝐥-𝐭𝐢𝐦𝐞 𝐭𝐡𝐢𝐧𝐤𝐢𝐧𝐠

🔍 Some standout insights from his exciting 𝐑𝐂𝐓 approach:
• 🧠 𝐇𝐢𝐠𝐡-𝐬𝐤𝐢𝐥𝐥𝐞𝐝 𝐬𝐭𝐮𝐝𝐞𝐧𝐭𝐬 𝐛𝐞𝐧𝐞𝐟𝐢𝐭 𝐦𝐨𝐫𝐞: GenAI improved debate performance far more for merit scholarship recipients and top baseline performers
• ⚖️ 𝐍𝐨𝐭 𝐚 𝐥𝐞𝐯𝐞𝐥𝐢𝐧𝐠 𝐭𝐨𝐨𝐥: Contrary to prior studies, ChatGPT did not help low-performers catch up

He presented “𝘞𝘩𝘦𝘯 𝘎𝘦𝘯𝘈𝘐 𝘐𝘯𝘤𝘳𝘦𝘢𝘴𝘦𝘴 𝘐𝘯𝘦𝘲𝘶𝘢𝘭𝘪𝘵𝘺: 𝘌𝘷𝘪𝘥𝘦𝘯𝘤𝘦 𝘧𝘳𝘰𝘮 𝘢 𝘜𝘯𝘪𝘷𝘦𝘳𝘴𝘪𝘵𝘺 𝘋𝘦𝘣𝘢𝘵𝘪𝘯𝘨 𝘊𝘰𝘮𝘱𝘦𝘵𝘪𝘵𝘪𝘰𝘯”, a novel paper that uses a randomized controlled trial (RCT) in an academic debate setting to ask a critical question: Who really benefits from GenAI in cognitively demanding, unpredictable tasks? 📚

We had the pleasure of welcoming @toniroldan.bsky.social from @esadeecpol.bsky.social to the Economics and Finance Departmental Seminar of @ieuniversity.bsky.social
🎓

• 📉 𝐄𝐟𝐟𝐢𝐜𝐢𝐞𝐧𝐜𝐲: this leads to weaker market efficiency and lower liquidity compared to rational agents

𝐀 𝐭𝐡𝐨𝐮𝐠𝐡𝐭-𝐩𝐫𝐨𝐯𝐨𝐤𝐢𝐧𝐠 𝐜𝐨𝐧𝐭𝐫𝐢𝐛𝐮𝐭𝐢𝐨𝐧 𝐭𝐨 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐞𝐦𝐞𝐫𝐠𝐢𝐧𝐠 𝐟𝐢𝐞𝐥𝐝 𝐨𝐟 𝐚𝐥𝐠𝐨𝐫𝐢𝐭𝐡𝐦𝐢𝐜 𝐛𝐞𝐡𝐚𝐯𝐢𝐨𝐫𝐚𝐥 𝐟𝐢𝐧𝐚𝐧𝐜𝐞.

📄 Slides: francescosangiorgi.com/wp-content/u...

#AIinFinance #ReinforcementLearning #MarketDesign

🔍 Some standout insights from their 𝐭𝐡𝐞𝐨𝐫𝐲 + 𝐬𝐢𝐦𝐮𝐥𝐚𝐭𝐢𝐨𝐧:
• ✅ 𝐏𝐫𝐢𝐜𝐞𝐬: AI traders decode prices and learn portfolio strategies that qualitatively mirror rational benchmarks
• ❌ 𝐄𝐱𝐭𝐞𝐫𝐧𝐚𝐥𝐢𝐭𝐢𝐞𝐬: but when multiple AIs interact, they interfere with one another’s learning creating a negative externality

He presented “(𝘋𝘦𝘦𝘱) 𝘓𝘦𝘢𝘳𝘯𝘪𝘯𝘨 𝘵𝘰 𝘛𝘳𝘢𝘥𝘦”, co-authored with Ivan Gufler (@UniLUISS) and Emanuele Tarantino (@UniLUISS & European Commission). The work digs into how AI traders—using deep reinforcement learning—respond to price signals, interact with each other, and influence market outcomes 📚

This week we had the luxury of hosting Francesco Sangiorgi from the @FrankfurtSchool at the Economics and Finance Departmental Seminar of @IEuniversity 🎓

8.𝐌𝐮𝐥𝐭𝐢-𝐚𝐠𝐞𝐧𝐭? Use a manager or task handoffs, but don’t overcomplicate.
9.𝐆𝐮𝐚𝐫𝐝𝐫𝐚𝐢𝐥𝐬 𝐚𝐫𝐞 𝐧𝐨𝐧-𝐧𝐞𝐠𝐨𝐭𝐢𝐚𝐛𝐥𝐞: protect against bad input, risky actions, and misuse.
10.𝐃𝐞𝐬𝐢𝐠𝐧 𝐟𝐨𝐫 𝐡𝐮𝐦𝐚𝐧𝐬: test early, expect failure, always have a backup plan.

#AI #OpenAI #LLMs #Agents #Product #TechTrends #FutureOfWork

4.𝐏𝐢𝐜𝐤 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐫𝐢𝐠𝐡𝐭 𝐦𝐨𝐝𝐞𝐥: test, explore with GPT-4, then optimize for speed/cost.
5.𝐓𝐨𝐨𝐥𝐬 𝐦𝐚𝐭𝐭𝐞𝐫: agents need reliable tools to access data and take action.
6.𝐈𝐧𝐬𝐭𝐫𝐮𝐜𝐭𝐢𝐨𝐧𝐬 𝐚𝐫𝐞 𝐞𝐯𝐞𝐫𝐲𝐭𝐡𝐢𝐧𝐠: vague = chaos. Be clear and specific.
7.𝐒𝐭𝐚𝐫𝐭 𝐬𝐦𝐚𝐥𝐥 — one solid agent with tools often beats a whole swarm.

Here are 10 key takeaways compiled by the great Hesam @Hesamation:
1.𝐀𝐠𝐞𝐧𝐭𝐬 ≠ 𝐰𝐨𝐫𝐤𝐟𝐥𝐨𝐰𝐬: agents act autonomously; most LLM apps need an input.
2.𝐔𝐬𝐞 𝐭𝐡𝐞𝐦 𝐟𝐨𝐫 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐡𝐚𝐫𝐝 𝐬𝐭𝐮𝐟𝐟: messy data, dynamic rules, real decisions.
3.𝐂𝐨𝐫𝐞 𝐫𝐞𝐜𝐢𝐩𝐞 = brain (model), tools, and clear instructions.

@OpenAI I just released a practical guide to building 𝐀𝐈 𝐚𝐠𝐞𝐧𝐭𝐬 — and it’s genuinely useful. It is solid guidance that helps you get things working. ⚙️🤖

If you’re working with LLMs or thinking about agent-based products, it’s well worth the read:
🔗 cdn.openai.com/business-guide…

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And if you want the TL;DR, the always insightful Greg Isenberg put together a great summary of OpenAI’s best tips — ideal for product builders and growth hackers:

🔗 x.com/gregisenberg...

#PromptEngineering #AI #OpenAI #Google #LLMs #ProductDesign #GenerativeAI

GPT-4.1 Prompting Guide | OpenAI Cookbook Open-source examples and guides for building with the OpenAI API. Browse a collection of snippets, advanced techniques and walkthroughs. Share your own examples and guides.

OpenAI meanwhile, shared a practical, no-fluff prompting guide tailored for working with their API — short, sharp, and very useful:

🔗 cookbook.openai.com/examples/gpt...

Google released a 69-page whitepaper that dives deep into prompt design for a wide range of applications:

🔗 www.kaggle.com/whitepaper-p...

In the past two weeks, both Google and OpenAI have dropped major resources on prompt engineering — a clear sign of how fast this field is evolving and how central it’s becoming for anyone working with LLMs. ⚡🤖

Study highlight: Peer-sourced data outshines official audits in swaying firms vs . Read more on procurement & corruption: loiaconofrancesco.com/wp-content/u...

#DevelopmentEconomics

Key insights from Loiacono’s Uganda field experiment:
• Tender info alone doesn’t lift firm participation
• Fixing misperceptions about public sector integrity boosts bids & contracts

We hosted Francesco Loiacono from @EBRD
at @ieuniversity.bsky.social 's Econ & Finance Seminar. He shared "Do Info Frictions & Corruption Perceptions Kill Competition?"—a sharp study on how mistrust, not info access, limits firms in public procurement. Engaging talk!

#AIinFinance #IESEBankingInitiative #FinancialInnovation #ArtificialIntelligence #FinTech #Banking

A special thanks to Xavier Vives for his outstanding leadership in organizing this conference, as well as Jordi Canals and the entire 𝐈𝐄𝐒𝐄 𝐁𝐚𝐧𝐤𝐢𝐧𝐠 𝐈𝐧𝐢𝐭𝐢𝐚𝐭𝐢𝐯𝐞 team for making this event possible. Engaging with top academics and industry leaders on the future of AI in finance was truly inspiring.

🔹 AI’s Impact on Financial Markets: The Consequences of Evolving Information Production
• Thierry Foucault, HEC Paris

🔹 𝐂𝐨𝐫𝐩𝐨𝐫𝐚𝐭𝐞 𝐅𝐢𝐧𝐚𝐧𝐜𝐞 𝐚𝐧𝐝 𝐆𝐨𝐯𝐞𝐫𝐧𝐚𝐧𝐜𝐞 𝐰𝐢𝐭𝐡 𝐀𝐈: 𝐎𝐥𝐝 𝐚𝐧𝐝 𝐍𝐞𝐰
• 𝐖𝐞𝐢 𝐉𝐢𝐚𝐧𝐠, Emory University

Then the conference brought together leading academic experts who shared their latest research and perspectives:

🔹 𝐀𝐈 𝐚𝐧𝐝 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐅𝐢𝐧𝐚𝐧𝐜𝐢𝐚𝐥 𝐒𝐞𝐜𝐭𝐨𝐫: 𝐓𝐫𝐚𝐧𝐬𝐟𝐨𝐫𝐦𝐚𝐭𝐢𝐨𝐧𝐬, 𝐂𝐡𝐚𝐥𝐥𝐞𝐧𝐠𝐞𝐬, 𝐚𝐧𝐝 𝐑𝐞𝐠𝐮𝐥𝐚𝐭𝐨𝐫𝐲 𝐑𝐞𝐬𝐩𝐨𝐧𝐬𝐞𝐬
• Leonardo Gambacorta, Bank for International Settlements

🏦 The event opened with insightful remarks by José Luis Escrivá Belmonte Governor of the Banco de España, highlighting the growing importance of AI in shaping the future of financial systems and regulation.

🔍🤖 𝐕𝐈𝐈 𝐂𝐨𝐧𝐟𝐞𝐫𝐞𝐧𝐜𝐞 𝐨𝐧 𝐀𝐫𝐭𝐢𝐟𝐢𝐜𝐢𝐚𝐥 𝐈𝐧𝐭𝐞𝐥𝐥𝐢𝐠𝐞𝐧𝐜𝐞 𝐢𝐧 𝐅𝐢𝐧𝐚𝐧𝐜𝐞

The event organized by the IESE Business School Banking Initiative featured insightful discussions on 𝐀𝐈’𝐬 𝐭𝐫𝐚𝐧𝐬𝐟𝐨𝐫𝐦𝐚𝐭𝐢𝐯𝐞 𝐫𝐨𝐥𝐞 𝐢𝐧 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐟𝐢𝐧𝐚𝐧𝐜𝐢𝐚𝐥 𝐬𝐞𝐜𝐭𝐨𝐫, exploring both 𝐨𝐩𝐩𝐨𝐫𝐭𝐮𝐧𝐢𝐭𝐢𝐞𝐬 𝐚𝐧𝐝 𝐜𝐡𝐚𝐥𝐥𝐞𝐧𝐠𝐞𝐬 it represents.

Dr. İlke TOYGÜR closed the session by outlining the Global Policy Center’s strategy.

A big thank you to our faculty—your insights drive our progress!

#IESPEGA #IEUniversity #HigherEducation #StrategicVision #OrganizationalLearning

Yesterday, we held a 𝐒𝐭𝐫𝐚𝐭𝐞𝐠𝐢𝐜 𝐑𝐞𝐯𝐢𝐞𝐰, led by Dean Enrico Letta to explore both risks and opportunities in shaping our School’s future. This was a true display of institutional learning, fostering open dialogue on strategic priorities, innovative teaching, and student experience.

📢 𝐒𝐭𝐫𝐞𝐧𝐠𝐭𝐡𝐞𝐧𝐢𝐧𝐠 𝐎𝐮𝐫 𝐀𝐜𝐚𝐝𝐞𝐦𝐢𝐜 𝐕𝐢𝐬𝐢𝐨𝐧 𝐚𝐭 IE School of Politics, Economics & Global Affairs