This research has some very exciting future applications. It means other scientists can look into why hydroquinine attacks the ADI pathway and not something else, as well as if hydroquinine can work better with antibiotics as it did with ceftazidime. @pathsci2baldock.bsky.social

This article proves that hydroquinine is effective against all 6 bacteria strains in the study, despite them being found in different places in the body (see below). The article also says that when hydroquinine is combined with ceftazidime, the effect is greater than hydroquinine on its own.

To look at why this happens, they used computer programs to make models of the bacteria’s proteins. They used the models to see which of the proteins hydroquinine effects. This was successful and they figured out that hydroquinine interferes with how energy is made in the bacteria (the ADI pathway)

Among the different strains, PA-S4 and PA-S5 were resistant to multiple drugs tested against them. However, for all 6 strains with possible drug resistance, hydroquinine (2.50 mg/mL concentration) could stop bacterial growth and hydroquinine (5.00mg/mL concentration) could kill the bacteria.

Bacterial strains are the same bacteria but have slightly different genes, similar to how all people are humans but have varying eye colour. The strains chosen were PA-27853 and PA-S1 to PA-S6, 7 strains in total. PA-27853 is drug-sensitive and used to compare results with other strains.

Some bacteria develop mechanisms to protect themselves against drugs. These are called drug-resistant bacteria. The research looks at how hydroquinine affects different drug-resistant strains of the bacteria P.aeruginosa and if the drug is more effective when used with other drugs, e.g. ceftazidime.

[No difference in efficacy of hydroquinine and placebo in restless legs syndrome] - PubMed This study showed no significant differences between the efficacy of placebo or hydroquinine in the restless legs syndrome.

Hydroquinine is used to treat nighttime muscle cramps and malaria. It’s found in some medical creams that lighten discolouration and age spots (liver spots). Other scientists have tested if it can treat restless leg syndrome, but it wasn’t effective. pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/2046771/

Hydroquinine Inhibits the Growth of Multidrug-Resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa via the Suppression of the Arginine Deiminase Pathway Genes Hydroquinine has antimicrobial potential with demonstrated activity against several bacteria, including multidrug-resistant (MDR) P. aeruginosa reference strains. Despite this, there is limited eviden...

Recent research by a global team of expert scientists has found that the drug hydroquinine can kill strains of bacteria that are resistant to multiple drugs. The team was the first to report on the drug’s ability to target specific proteins in bacteria cells. pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC...

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