Again, you choose to assign efficiency outside the metric it was intended. Do you deny an omnivore diet is less calorically and nutrient rich. Do you deny if the western diet reduced meat intake, a 9 billion population could be sustainable? This is not an either or situation.

I stated more efficient. From calories and nutrients per gram, that has been always been true. Fats and proteins from omnivore diet is more efficient especially in higher latitudes where locally sourced foods require seasonal dietary shifts.

You would know. You do so all the time.

Must be nice to live in a world where you get to choose when to apply context.

Why bother with supplements you should go old school method for non-ruminant vegetarians. Become one with your inner lagomorph, go coprophagic, like many apes. That way you could claim you are what you eat.

Well known fact, mentioned in all 5 papers on publication bias, two specifically for ecology and evolution. But hey, in your familiarity with the research process, you deny something that every introduction to research methodology class covers. You MUST be correct.

For papers that review the state of knowledge for a topic. Not the same as a research paper for a single study.

As for the original paper you provide. 20% of meta-analyses may draw fallacious conclusions due to the lack publishing negative results. The 2002 paper I provided note that publication bias results from editorial boards as much or more than people not willing to publish null results.

1. Negative results = null results = studies with data that is not statistically significant. All synonymous

2. The data may support the research hypothesis, yet not be statistically significant. It does not mean the study found significant results opposite to expectations.

The surveys are super fun. I learned a ton from the training, and now have a “bumble bee list”. The new challenge is to find a cuckoo bumblebee species.

1. Wild spring chinook
2.10-12 inch trout from spring-fed streams.
3.Halibut
4. Walleye
5.Crappie

Bumble bee surveys. Many states bumble bee atlas work going on. Takes a little training, but very fun.

Definitely canine. One print can be difficult, as gait provide useful clues. The toes are pretty spread out, as in dog vs wolf which are usually teardrop shaped. Also nails are visible. Very common for dogs, less common for wolves.

Long-winded way of saying “I don’t know”

Again, you confuse meta-analyses with research studies. Those meta-analyses require methods to account for “missing” data. 20% of them, reviews on a topic to help provide an overall understanding, are biased due to a lack work publishing negative findings, lacking adequate effect sizes.

A survey of publication bias within evolutionary ecology - PubMed Publication bias has been recognized as a problem in ecology and evolution that can undermine reviews of research results. Unfortunately, direct tests of publication bias are extremely rare. Here, we ...

Ok. How’s this.

www.cell.com/trends/ecolo...

And this.
pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15801601/

Omnivores require less biomass for same amount of calories. I understand the tropic level argument, but consumption of calorie and nutrient dense is more efficient to the individual than eating fiber-dense foods and requiring a rumen. But hey, start growing your own duckweed, good luck scaling up.

An earlier paper by Jennions and Møller mentioning both fads and the fact negative results are less likely to get published and take longer, if they do get published. Landed publication bias

royalsocietypublishing.org/doi/10.1098/...

You are trying to prove a point with data that information that does not exist. One of the publishing bias papers I provided included evolution in their studies, then there is this talk from 2023 addressing said bias in ecology and evolution.

biology.st-andrews.ac.uk/biodiversity....

swamps selection. 3. Secondary sexual characteristics for males peak after the hunting season. 4. Constraints of flight impose uniformity on individuals within most species/populations. 5. Non-breeding survival impose greater selective forces than hunting.

Paraphrased Gregorczyk (2022)

I never claimed hunting is not a selective force. Never claimed that it could not potentially result in selection. I did claim there is no evidence for several reasons. 1. Populations fluctuate due to abiotic factors that dictate cover and food availability. 2. Gene flow is high, which

Yet the crux of the your argument was hunting selection changes bird populations. You never provided proof. You provide conjecture and you present ideas from two papers, but don’t include the caveats provided by those authors.

They chose the traits based on how other taxa expressed selection. They also recognize that while hunting is a form of selection, there maybe other selective forces over-riding hunting. They mention pace of life and boldness, however they caution that traits, especially behaviors, can be plastic.

Please chime in!!

NOT sure how it is utilized. It is not just for data from manuscripts published in their journals.

I see that PLOSone has a missing pieces collection. There would still be an issue with time to write the full study and money for page charges. How many studies lack effect size due to sample size? There are data repositories. I know ESA has a data archive, it sure how it is utilized.

You are losing me here. Generate hypotheses. Collect data. Analyze said data. So the published work shows no detectable hunter mediated selection. They choose the traits most likely to be impacted. By necessity those traits must objectively quantifiable. I fail to see how the comment is wrong.

The point is studies with null data are at fractional rates. If the study wanted to investigate hunting as a selective force on body size and secondary sexual characteristics and results did not find that, chances are the study will not be published.

That’s right. Because b12 comes only from cows. Can’t get it from seafood, or snails, or even insects.

I never argued that everyone should eat beef. Only that cattle managed properly, increase native grassland health and increase biodiversity. That cattle can be used as tool for conservation.

I stated rotational grazing AND patch burn graze. Both practices rest land, but PBG adds fire and lets the cattle choose where to graze, while rotational grazing uses fenced paddocks.

Illuminating ‘the ugly side of science’: fresh incentives for reporting negative results | Graduate College | University of Illinois Chicago

Another example

“A 2022 survey of researchers in France in chemistry, physics, engineering and environmental sciences showed that, although 81% had produced relevant negative results and 75% were willing to publish them, only 12.5% had the opportunity to do so”

grad.uic.edu/news-stories...