Canadian Journal of Ophthalmology

Multimodal imaging features of retinal neovascularization in response to 3 anti-VEGF injections To analyze longitudinal changes of retinal neovessels (NV) in eyes with proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR) after 3 monthly intravitreal injections (IVI) of ranibizumab by means of different imag...

From a team in Italy, this study used multimodal imaging to analyze longitudinal changes of retinal neovessels in eyes with proliferative diabetic retinopathy after 3 monthly intravitreal injections of ranibizumab.
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Iris mesenchymal tumour in an infant A 10-month-old female with no pertinent past medical or family history was referred for an iris lesion in the left eye. The lesion was first noted at 3 months of age and had slowly progressed in size....

This unique case describes an iris mesenchymal tumour in an infant.

bit.ly/cjo_iris-mes...

#Ophthalmology

Cover of the August 2025 issue of the Canadian Journal of Ophthalmology (CJO). Cover is white with red and black text, and it features two reddish-orange fundus images on a black background in the centre-top.

The August CJO is now online! It features articles on translating ophthalmic medical jargon with AI, 24-hour intraocular pressure fluctuation in glaucoma patients, G-ROP versus WINROP for ROP screening, photo essays, research letters, the F.Y. Eye column, and much more.
bit.ly/cjo_60-4_Aug...

Artificial intelligence-based extraction of quantitative ultra-widefield fluorescein angiography parameters in retinal vein occlusion To examine the association between quantitative vascular parameters extracted from intravenous fluorescein angiography (IVFA) and baseline clinical characteristics of patients with retinal vein occlus...

In this study, authors examined the association between quantitative vascular parameters extracted from intravenous fluorescein angiography and baseline clinical characteristics of patients with retinal vein occlusion
bit.ly/cjo_AI-extra...
#Ophthalmology #ClinicalResearch #ArtificialIntelligence

Subacute sclerosing panencephalitis manifesting as bilateral necrotizing neuroretinitis A 9-year-old boy, presented with bilateral loss of central vision over 1 week. In addition, the patient's father had noticed over the past month some unusual tapping of his fingers when tired or falli...

Subacute sclerosing panencephalitis (SSPE) is a chronic infection of the central nervous system by an altered form the measles virus, often presenting in young patients with a history of measles before the age of 2 years old.
bit.ly/cjo_subacute...

Integrating AI with tele-ophthalmology in Canada: a review The field of ophthalmology is rapidly advancing, with technological innovations enhancing the diagnosis and management of eye diseases. Tele-ophthalmology, or the use of telemedicine for ophthalmology...

This review describes the current state of Canadian tele-ophthalmology services and AI developments in ophthalmology, and a pathway to integrate these technology-driven strategies in Canada.
bit.ly/cjo_AI-tele-...

Ultrasound-guided core-needle biopsy for extra-ocular orbital soft tissue tumours: a minimally invasive alternative to surgical biopsy To assess the feasibility, accuracy, and safety of ultrasound (US)-guided coaxial core-needle biopsy (CNB) for histomolecular diagnosis of extra-ocular orbital soft tissue tumours as a minimally invas...

From a team in France, this study assessed the feasibility, accuracy, and safety of ultrasound-guided coaxial core-needle biopsy for histomolecular diagnosis of extra-ocular orbital soft tissue tumours as a minimally invasive alternative to surgical biopsy.
bit.ly/cjo_US-guide...

Prompt engineering with ChatGPT3.5 and GPT4 to improve patient education on retinal diseases To assess the effect of prompt engineering on the accuracy, comprehensiveness, readability, and empathy of large language model (LLM)-generated responses to patient questions regarding retinal disease...

From a team at the University of British Columbia, this study assessed the effect of prompt engineering on the accuracy, comprehensiveness, readability, and empathy of ChatGPT-generated responses to patient questions about retinal diseases.
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A case of VEXAS syndrome with therapy refractive macular involvement VEXAS syndrome (vacuoles, E1 enzyme, X-linked, autoinflammatory, somatic) is a recently defined monogenetic UBA1gene-linked multiorgan autoinflammatory disease caused by somatic mutations in hematopoi...

VEXAS syndrome is a recently defined multiorgan autoinflammatory disease caused by somatic mutations in hematopoietic progenitor cells. It can present with a variety of symptoms, including inflammatory ocular changes, as seen in this case.
bit.ly/cjo_VEXAS-sy...

Prevalence and spectrum of manifestations of tamoxifen retinopathy as assessed by multimodal and ultra-widefield retinal imaging Tamoxifen has well-known retinal toxicity, but the epidemiology of this toxicity is poorly defined. This study aims to 1) evaluate the prevalence of tamoxifen retinopathy in a major northeastern metro...

This study evaluated the prevalence of tamoxifen retinopathy in a major metropolitan area based on multimodal retinal imaging and determined whether the additional peripheral retina captured in ultra-widefield imaging aids in the diagnosis of tamoxifen retinopathy.
bit.ly/cjo_tamoxife...

Primary orbital mesenchymal chondrosarcoma: clinicopathological characteristics and prognostic prediction This study aimed to analyze the clinicopathological characteristics of a rare malignant tumour, primary orbital mesenchymal chondrosarcoma (MCS), and identify the risk factors influencing its prognosi...

From a team in China, this study analyzed the clinicopathological characteristics of primary orbital mesenchymal chondrosarcoma, a rare malignant tumour, and identified the risk factors influencing its prognosis.
bit.ly/cjo_orbital-...

Visual abstract infographic presents a summary of the study, including the objective, study design, methods, results, and conclusions.

Each relapse in acute optic neuritis results in an approximate one-line decrease in Snellen chart vision. This study found that a higher number of ipsilateral relapses is independently associated with poorer visual outcomes.

bit.ly/cjo_optic-ne...

Langerhans cell histiocytosis of the orbit: pediatric case series To describe the clinical, imaging characteristics, and treatment of pediatric orbital Langerhans cell histiocytosis (LCH).

Pediatric orbital Langerhans cell histiocytosis is a benign disorder of dendritic cell origin with an annual incidence of 4−9 cases per million in children under the age of 15. This article describes the clinical, imaging characteristics, and treatment of this disorder.

bit.ly/cjo_Langerha...

Bilateral corneal perforation secondary to immunotherapy for metastatic melanoma Globally, cancer is a leading cause of death, and the number of new diagnoses is expected to double by 2070.1 Despite traditional multimodal treatment options of surgery, radiation, and chemotherapy, ...

Although immunotherapeutic agents show promise in treating recalcitrant malignancies, their adverse effects can be sight threatening. This article describes a unique case of bilateral corneal perforation secondary to immunotherapy for metastatic melanoma.

bit.ly/cjo_corneal-...

#OcularOncology

Association of microaneurysms with retinal vascular alterations in patients with retinal vein occlusion To investigate the localization, distribution, and type of central microaneurysms (MAs) and their relationship with retinal vascular alterations in patients with retinal vein occlusion (RVO).

From a team in Austria, this study investigated the localization, distribution, and type of central microaneurysms and their relationship with retinal vascular alterations in patients with retinal vein occlusion.

bit.ly/cjo_microane...

#Ophthalmology #VisionScience #OcularImaging

Reversal of cortical blindness after retrograde stent placement for innominate artery stenosis Subclavian steal syndrome (SSS) is a vascular phenomenon characterized by retrograde flow within the vertebral artery secondary to proximal great vessel stenosis. When SSS occurs on the right side, th...

This unique case reports a reversal of cortical blindness following an urgent retrograde stenting procedure for complete innominate artery stenosis.

bit.ly/cjo_cortical...

Unintended placement of intraocular lens haptics in the sulcus and its association with posterior capsular opacification in pseudophakic post-mortem eyes To assess the prevalence of unintended placement of intraocular lens (IOL) haptics in the sulcus and its association with posterior capsular opacification (PCO).

In this study, authors assessed the prevalence of unintended placement of IOL haptics in the sulcus and its association with posterior capsular opacification in pseudophakic post-mortem eyes.

bit.ly/cjo_IOL-hapt...

#Ophthalmology #ClinicalResearch #VisionScience

Successful resolution of early fibrin occlusion of PreserFlo MicroShunt with Nd:YAG laser treatment The PreserFlo microshunt implant has recently become part of the glaucoma specialist's surgical options as an alternative to a trabeculectomy or other filtering bleb surgical procedures.1 PreserFlo mi...

This article describes the first case of an early postoperative complication of PreserFlo microshunt, which was occlusion of the shunt with fibrin-like material, and the novel use of intraluminal Nd:YAG laser to treat it.

bit.ly/cjo_fibrin-o...

A woman in a white karate gi with a green belt strikes a punching stance in profile. One fist is held next to her face and the other fist is extended straight out in front of her. A grey, industrial-looking wall serves as the background.

In the United States alone, over 6 million people participate in martial arts, which are associated with injuries to the head, neck, face, and eyes. This study characterized the nature and incidence of martial arts-related eye injuries in the United States from 2012 to 2021.

bit.ly/cjo_seeing-t...

Pterygium-like conjunctival nevus: a clinicopathological study Conjunctival nevus presents with elevated lesions, which are accompanied by subepithelial inclusion cysts (pseudocysts) and pigmentation to varying degrees. The intralesional circumscribed hyporeflect...

This article presents two unique cases of pterygium-like conjunctival nevus with multiple large pseudocysts within the lesion and analyzes the clinicopathological correlation.

bit.ly/cjo_pterygiu...

#Ophthalmology #OcularImaging

Cover of the June 2025 issue of the CJO. The background is white. The journal name, issue, and volume appear in red and black print at the top. An picture featuring two fundus images is in the centre, and the names of three articles are featured below the image.

The June CJO is now online! It features a review on integrating AI with tele-ophthalmology, articles on ocular injuries in martial arts, Langerhans cell histiocytosis of the orbit, visual recovery following pituitary adenoma surgery, the F.Y. Eye column, and more.

bit.ly/cjo_60-3_Jun...

Solar retinopathy following the April 2024 eclipse in Quebec, Canada A solar eclipse is a rare astronomical display of the moon aligning between Earth and the sun, casting a shadow and dimming sunlight. Although it makes direct observation easier, viewing the sun witho...

From a team at the Université de Montréal, this article reports on two cases of solar retinopathy following a total solar eclipse on April 8, 2024, which were identified and confirmed by retinal specialists using OCT scans.

bit.ly/cjo_solar-re...

#Ophthalmology

Digital retinoblastoma documentation supports care and research In 1948, the indirect ophthalmoscope revealed full intra-ocular retinoblastoma, documented on paper with coloured pencils. At SickKids, eCancerCareRB (eCCRB) digital drawings and timeline have facilit...

From a team at SickKids, this article describes novel methods to evaluate retinoblastoma research outcomes on the basis of treatment event and date, presently determined by retrospective eCancerCareRB data, and prospectively through DEPICT HEALTH on the cloud.

bit.ly/cjo_digital-...

Photo essay from a teenager without surgical history who presented with decreased vision. Gene panel testing identified a heterozygous COL11A1 variant.

https://bit.ly/cjo_heterozygous-COL11A1-mutation

#Ophthalmology #COL11A1Mutation

Sympathetic ophthalmia in a patient with ciliary body melanoma and extraocular extension Ciliochoroidal melanoma complicated by limited nodular extraocular extension can be effectively treated with plaque brachytherapy in selected cases.1 Limited nodular extrascleral extension is defined ...

Sympathetic ophthalmia is a rare bilateral granulomatous uveitis, usually from penetrating ocular trauma or intraocular surgery. This case highlights its rare development after plaque brachytherapy for uveal melanoma with extraocular extension.

bit.ly/cjo_sympathe...

Spectral-domain OCT characteristics of intraretinal hyper-reflective foci associated with age-related macular degeneration and diabetic retinopathy The purpose of this study was to quantitatively analyze and compare OCT characteristics of intraretinal hyper-reflective foci (IHRF) in eyes with diabetic retinopathy (DR) versus age-related macular d...

This study analyzed and compared spectral-domain OCT characteristics of intraretinal hyper-reflective foci in eyes with diabetic retinopathy versus eyes with age-related macular degeneration.

bit.ly/cjo_SD-OCT-c...

#Ophthalmology #OcularImaging

Multimodal imaging from male patient. Top images show wide-field colour fundus photos. Middle images show black and white fundus autofluorescence images. Bottom images show black and white spectral-domain optical coherent tomography.

Multimodal imaging from female patient. Top images show wide-field colour fundus photos. Middle images show black and white fundus autofluorescence images. Bottom images show black and white spectral-domain optical coherent tomography.

Neuronal intranuclear inclusion disease is a complex neurodegenerative disorder characterized by eosinophilic intranuclear inclusions in the nervous system and visceral organ cells. This article highlights 2 cases from the same family.

bit.ly/cjo_neuronal...

From a team in Alberta, this study evaluated patient satisfaction with a teleophthalmology program for ocular oncology that provides screening, remote assessment, care planning, and follow-up.

https://bit.ly/cjo_oncology-teleophthalmology

#Ophthalmology #ClinicalResearch

Slit lamp images showing chronic recurrent conjunctival erosions secondary to cabozantinib.

Cabozantinib is an oral tyrosine kinase receptor inhibitor used in the management of clear cell renal carcinoma. This case presents the first report of chronic recurrent conjunctival erosions secondary to cabozantinib.

bit.ly/cjo_conjunct...

#Ophthalmology

Three colour images showing eyes with different ocular surface lesions appear in a column on the left side of the image. Next to each is a corresponding black and white high-resolution optical coherence tomography image show the location of each lesion.

This review describes how high resolution OCT can be used to take “optical biopsies” that aid in the diagnosis, differentiation, and management of several benign and malignant ocular surface lesions.

bit.ly/cjo_OCT-ocul...

#Ophthalmology #ClinicalResearch