Centre for Research on Energy and Clean Air

🇮🇳 CREA's November 2025 ambient air quality monthly snapshot for India is now available here:
energyandcleanair.org/india-monthl...

🏅🌿 Shillong, in the state of Meghalaya, was the cleanest city in India in November 2025, with a monthly average PM2.5 of 7 µg/m³

💡 Megacities Delhi & Kolkata exceeded NAAQS in Nov., while Mumbai, Chennai & Bengaluru recorded monthly average PM2.5 levels below the standard

⚠️ 🚨 Except for Bahadurgarh, none of the ten most polluted cities recorded even a single day within the safe daily NAAQS limit during November 2025

🏅💨 Ghaziabad ranked as most polluted city in India in October 2025, recording a monthly average PM2.5 concentration of 224 µg/m³

⚠️ Delhi was the 4th most polluted city in India during November 2025, with monthly average PM2.5 of 215 µg/m³, up from 107 µg/m³ in October

💡 The monthly average PM2.5 levels in 46 National Clean Air Programme (NCAP) cities (out of 99 cities with more than 80% of days with data) surpassed India's daily NAAQS for PM2.5, while all 99 cities exceeded the WHO's daily guideline

🇮🇳 NEW | #India ambient #airquality monthly snapshot is out now!

💡 In November 2025, 114 out of 255 cities w/air quality data available for more than 80% of the days recorded PM2.5 above India’s national standards

⚠️ Only 2 cities complied with the @who.int

🇨🇳 NEW | REPORT: China’s Climate Transition

#China's #cleanpower boom keeps #emissions flat in 2025, but vague targets risk emissions rebound

💡 China on track to miss 2025 targets

Find report here:

energyandcleanair.org/publication/...

@belindaschaepe.bsky.social
@laurimyllyvirta.bsky.social

🇨🇳 WEBINAR | REPORT LAUNCH | China’s Climate Transition: Outlook 2025

Join us as we unpack emissions & energy trends, as well as targets & policies needed to keep China on track for its goals

🗓️ Monday, 8 Dec. 2025
🕘 9 GMT | 10 CET | 17 BJT
📍Zoom
Register here:
energyandcleanair.org/webinar-repo...

🇷🇺 CREA’s report on false flagging is now available here:

energyandcleanair.org/publication/...

📊 Find more related CREA data here:

energyandcleanair.org/financing-pu...

#FinancingPutinsWar #FossilFuels #Sanctions #StandWithUkraine

🏛️ CREA policy recommendations cont.:

4/5 Reform existing flag registration norms

5/5 EU coastal maritime enforcement authorities, the UK Maritime and Coastguard Agency and the Royal Navy must detain ‘shadow’ fleet vessels operating under false flags

🏛️ CREA proposes the following policy recommendations:

1/5 Unified EU database of legitimate flag registries shared between port authorities

2/5 Require flag certification for vessels transiting EU waters

3/5 Expand engagement with & within open registries, for ‘shadow’ fleet

🇺🇳 🏛️ It is imperative that the @imohq.bsky.social (IMO) guidelines are revised to enhance transparency regarding maritime insurance

🚨 The IMO should mandate flag states to require shipowners & insurers to publicly disclose key financial information, including insurer solvency data

💡 In third quarter of 2025, Malawi’s flag was used to transport EUR 403mn of Russian crude oil & oil products through Danish Straits

🇪🇺 🇬🇧 EU & UK must reform flag state regulations & practices globally in lieu of their exploitation for ‘shadow’ vessels fuelling Russia’s war

❗🇲🇼 The most frequently used false flag is Malawi

In July 2025, the Malawian Secretary for Transport and Public Works wrote to the @imohq.bsky.social (IMO) asking for ‘appropriate action to be taken against the fraudsters’

❗ 📈 The practice has not stopped, it has increased

💡 A false flag is designated when ships either register with fraudulent flag states, use a terminated flag registration, or digitally misrepresent their flag to obfuscate operations

❗Operating while flying a false flag effectively voids these vessels’ insurance & classification

🇷🇺 NEW | REPORT - Flags of inconvenience: 113 vessels flying false flag transported EUR 4.7bn Russian oil in first three quarters of 2025

❗False flagging operations have surged after multiple rounds of sanctions

🇮🇳 NEW | REPORT: Satellite assessment shows #India's Indo-Gangetic airshed most polluted, demanding shift beyond city policies

📷: Seasonal airshed compliance

energyandcleanair.org/publication/a-satellite-based-pm2-5-assessment-across-indias-airsheds-states-and-districts/

@manojkumarnr.bsky.social

🇨🇳 CREA's November 2025 #ChinaMonthlySnapshot of China's energy & air pollution trends is now available in EN & CN👇

energyandcleanair.org/china-energy...

💨 In October 2025, Shijiazhuang (Hebei) had highest monthly average PM2.5 among all provincial capitals; ozone pollution generally highest in South China; Tianjin continued to record highest nitrogen dioxide (NO₂)

🏅Shijiazhuang: PM2.5
🏅Nanchang & Hangzhou: Ozone
🏅Tianjin: NO₂

🇨🇳 NEW | #China monthly snapshot on #Energy & #AirPollution out now in EN & CN👇

📈 In October 2025, coal power generation had largest year-on-year increase

🚗 3-month average market share of NEVs in new sales reached 50%

💨 Human emissions lifted PM2.5. & ozone in Northeast

🇷🇺 CREA’s monthly analysis on fossil fuel exports from Russia is now available here in EN & 🇺🇦 UA soon to follow:

energyandcleanair.org/october-2025...

Find all related CREA data here:

energyandcleanair.org/financing-pu...

#FinancingPutinsWar #FossilFuels #G7 #NATO #Sanctions #StandWithUkraine

🇺🇳 🏛️ It is imperative that the @imohq.bsky.social (IMO) guidelines are revised to enhance transparency regarding maritime insurance

🛑 The IMO should mandate flag states to require shipowners & insurers to publicly disclose key financial information, including insurer solvency data

🚢 In October 2025, G7+ tankers transported 38% of Russian crude oil exports

⚠️ Non-sanctioned ‘shadow’ tankers accounted for 18%

⚠️ The largest share, 44%, was carried by sanctioned ‘shadow’ tankers

⚠️ 41 ‘shadow’ tankers were 20 years or older & pose serious risks

❗In October 2025, the EU, Australia, UK & US imported EUR 971 mn of refined products from six Indian & Turkish refineries using Russian crude

❗🇦🇺 Australia’s imports saw a 140% increase to EUR 93 mn

❗🇺🇸 US imports recorded 17% increase to EUR 126.6 mn

In October 2025, top EU importers were:

🇭🇺 Hungary
🇸🇰 Slovakia
🇫🇷 France
🇧🇪 Belgium
🇷🇴 Romania

💡 The five largest EU importers of Russian fossil fuels paid Russia EUR 938 mn for fossil fuels

⚠️ Natural gas — unsanctioned by EU — accounted for two-thirds of these imports

In October 2025, top importers of RU fossil fuels were:

🇨🇳 China
🇮🇳 India
🇹🇷 Turkiye
🇪🇺 EU
🇰🇷 South Korea

❗Rosneft owned Vadinar refinery — now sanctioned by EU & UK — increased production to 90% capacity in Oct. 2025; RU imports up 32% month-on-month; highest since invasion

🇷🇺 NEW | Monthly analysis of Russian fossil fuel exports & sanctions

📉 In October 2025, revenues continue to slide to lowest levels since full-scale invasion but more to be done

❗️Sanctioned tankers transported 44% of Russian crude

energyandcleanair.org/publication/the-hidden-cost-of-gas-toxic-emissions-from-thailands-power-sector/

🇹🇭 NEW | Report - The hidden cost of #gas: Toxic emissions from #Thailand’s power sector

The country's gas power plants' #NOX emissions exceed the total emissions of buses, motorcycles, & taxis in Bangkok Metropolitan Region

🇨🇳 📰 NEW | Analysis: #China’s #CO2 #emissions have now been flat or falling for 18 months

www.carbonbrief.org/analysis-chinas-co2-emissions-have-now-been-flat-or-falling-for-18-months/

@laurimyllyvirta.bsky.social w/ @carbonbrief.org