Rafael Mentges's Avatar

Rafael Mentges

@mentges.bsky.social

Space Economist. Interested in European Integration, industrial policy, innovation, strategic sovereignty, and of course things like launchers, SatCom, EO ... I have another profile focused more on my old interests: Macro, monetary policy and banking.

803 Followers  |  644 Following  |  3,282 Posts  |  Joined: 23.01.2024  |  2.2779

Latest posts by mentges.bsky.social on Bluesky

Such a great mission that has delivered enough data to expect many more discoveries in the next years or even decades.

12.12.2025 14:22 โ€” ๐Ÿ‘ 2    ๐Ÿ” 0    ๐Ÿ’ฌ 0    ๐Ÿ“Œ 0

The space data center push is even crazier than this. The major backers get the waste heat problem, and the scale problem, but what they are saying is that within five years we'll be able to build solar arrays and radiators in space measured in square kilometers, 1000s of times bigger than ISS.

11.12.2025 04:04 โ€” ๐Ÿ‘ 118    ๐Ÿ” 35    ๐Ÿ’ฌ 2    ๐Ÿ“Œ 0

It gets more amazing when the court seems to suggest, that the problem can be solved simply by the ECB providing documentation of its proportionality assessment, which it actually has already repeatedly done."

6/6

12.12.2025 12:22 โ€” ๐Ÿ‘ 0    ๐Ÿ” 0    ๐Ÿ’ฌ 0    ๐Ÿ“Œ 0

This claim is substantiated by a list of economic effects it ascribes to the PSPP, that are either non-existent, standard effects of monetary policy, or economic problems that simply cannot be ascribed to the ECB's programme.

5/6

12.12.2025 12:22 โ€” ๐Ÿ‘ 0    ๐Ÿ” 0    ๐Ÿ’ฌ 1    ๐Ÿ“Œ 0

According to this distinction monetary policy falls into the ECB's remit and economic policy is supposed to remain solely in the hands of EU member states. The court has decided that the ECB was crossing the line to economic policy.

4/6

12.12.2025 12:22 โ€” ๐Ÿ‘ 0    ๐Ÿ” 0    ๐Ÿ’ฌ 1    ๐Ÿ“Œ 0

"The court's insistence on a balancing of monetary goals and other economic effects is based on an arbitrary distinction between monetary policy and economic policy made in the Treaty of Maastricht.

3/6

12.12.2025 12:22 โ€” ๐Ÿ‘ 0    ๐Ÿ” 0    ๐Ÿ’ฌ 1    ๐Ÿ“Œ 0
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A flawed verdict with uncertain consequences The European Central Bankย’s primary goal is to maintain price stability, which is defined as an inflation rate of below, but close to 2%.ย  It has been set up as one of the most independent c...

I have written about one instance of the second point. Where the German court just did not seem to understand monetary policy and wanted to enforce an arbitrary distinction between monetary policy and economic policy.

2/6

12.12.2025 12:22 โ€” ๐Ÿ‘ 0    ๐Ÿ” 0    ๐Ÿ’ฌ 1    ๐Ÿ“Œ 0

I can't read the article but I agree on different levels:

1. Many lawyers only tell you why you can't do something instead of telling you how you can actually achieve your goals.

2. They take a very narrow German approach also to international law.

1/6

12.12.2025 12:22 โ€” ๐Ÿ‘ 1    ๐Ÿ” 1    ๐Ÿ’ฌ 1    ๐Ÿ“Œ 0

When your country is governed by right-wing extremists...

12.12.2025 10:55 โ€” ๐Ÿ‘ 7    ๐Ÿ” 1    ๐Ÿ’ฌ 0    ๐Ÿ“Œ 0

Great overview! Thanks for sharing!

12.12.2025 09:16 โ€” ๐Ÿ‘ 1    ๐Ÿ” 0    ๐Ÿ’ฌ 0    ๐Ÿ“Œ 0
Post image Post image Post image Post image

๐Ÿš€Estos son los 12 paรญses que mรกs contribuyen a la construcciรณn del cohete europeo #Ariane6 de ArianeGroup ๐Ÿš€

12.12.2025 08:57 โ€” ๐Ÿ‘ 7    ๐Ÿ” 6    ๐Ÿ’ฌ 1    ๐Ÿ“Œ 0

"Rather than 27 member states pursuing their own goals, the EU needs specialised clusters and strategic ecosystem development that links universities, start-ups and investors."
๐Ÿ’ฏ

11.12.2025 17:39 โ€” ๐Ÿ‘ 0    ๐Ÿ” 0    ๐Ÿ’ฌ 0    ๐Ÿ“Œ 0
Preview
Europe must be ready when the AI bubble bursts A market correction will give the EU the chance to offer a trust-based alternative to American tech

"the resource-intensive AI platform bubble in which the US dominates cannot last. A market correction will shift attention to alternative models. This will in turn create new opportunities for Europe, which has strengths in applied AI and the chance to build the most trusted AI stack in the world."

11.12.2025 17:37 โ€” ๐Ÿ‘ 1    ๐Ÿ” 1    ๐Ÿ’ฌ 1    ๐Ÿ“Œ 0

The report explicitly characterizes Russiaโ€™s current behaviour as hybrid warfare.

As a result, FE judges that Russia is likely to intensify these activities in the coming years.

11.12.2025 10:37 โ€” ๐Ÿ‘ 2    ๐Ÿ” 1    ๐Ÿ’ฌ 0    ๐Ÿ“Œ 0

Russia considers itself to be in a conflict with NATO below the threshold of armed confrontation, and hybrid operations are viewed as the most effective means to undermine Western cohesion without triggering NATOโ€™s Art 5.

11.12.2025 10:37 โ€” ๐Ÿ‘ 2    ๐Ÿ” 0    ๐Ÿ’ฌ 1    ๐Ÿ“Œ 0

The Danish Defence Intelligence Service (FE) assesses that Russia is already conducting an active and escalating hybrid campaign against NATO. This includes sabotage, cyberattacks, GPS interference in the Baltic region, disinformation operations, and the use of intermediaries or proxy actors.

11.12.2025 10:37 โ€” ๐Ÿ‘ 0    ๐Ÿ” 0    ๐Ÿ’ฌ 1    ๐Ÿ“Œ 0

An intelligence-based assessment of the external conditions affecting the security of the Kingdom of Denmark.

They see Russia in a hybrid war against the West/NATO with a growing risk of conventional war if an end to the war in Ukraine frees up enough resources.

www.fe-ddis.dk/globalassets...

11.12.2025 10:29 โ€” ๐Ÿ‘ 3    ๐Ÿ” 0    ๐Ÿ’ฌ 1    ๐Ÿ“Œ 0
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Si mon compte est bon, il y a eu le 300รจ dรฉcollage orbital de 2025 aujourd'hui.

C'est la premiรจre fois que l'humanitรฉ franchit cette frontiรจre, et il y a tout lieu de croire que les chiffres vont encore fortement augmenter dans les annรฉes ร  venir.

10.12.2025 17:09 โ€” ๐Ÿ‘ 28    ๐Ÿ” 1    ๐Ÿ’ฌ 4    ๐Ÿ“Œ 0
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While Poland is Europeโ€™s largest defense spender, its domestic industry absorbs only a sliver of that money.

Thatโ€™s becoming a political problem.

๐Ÿ”— politi.co/4oLpU9e

10.12.2025 19:32 โ€” ๐Ÿ‘ 21    ๐Ÿ” 4    ๐Ÿ’ฌ 2    ๐Ÿ“Œ 0
Extract from a book: 
"Fayez said. And then a moment later, "You know what I am, Elvi."

"No. No, you're a good man, Fayez."

He tilted his head. "I meant that I'm a geologist."

Extract from a book: "Fayez said. And then a moment later, "You know what I am, Elvi." "No. No, you're a good man, Fayez." He tilted his head. "I meant that I'm a geologist."

The Expanse has some peak physicist humour

09.12.2025 21:54 โ€” ๐Ÿ‘ 18    ๐Ÿ” 2    ๐Ÿ’ฌ 1    ๐Ÿ“Œ 0

Ok, agreed. Definitely interesting โ˜บ๏ธ

10.12.2025 19:54 โ€” ๐Ÿ‘ 1    ๐Ÿ” 0    ๐Ÿ’ฌ 0    ๐Ÿ“Œ 0
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Rheinmetall und ICEYE Kooperation Rheinmetall und ICEYE grรผnden Joint Venture fรผr SAR-Satellitenproduktion in Deutschland. Start der Fertigung ab Q2 2026 geplant.

Helsing and Kongsberg plan to establish a joint venture to produce satellites in Germany.

That makes it the 2nd recent joint venture that wants to produce satellites in Germany with a strong focus on defense.

Already in May, Rheinmetall and Iceye announced a cooperation.

4/n

10.12.2025 19:29 โ€” ๐Ÿ‘ 0    ๐Ÿ” 0    ๐Ÿ’ฌ 0    ๐Ÿ“Œ 0

Isar Aerospace is a German launcher start-up that is currently preparing their second test flight and (fingers crossed) their first orbital flight.

3/n

10.12.2025 19:23 โ€” ๐Ÿ‘ 0    ๐Ÿ” 0    ๐Ÿ’ฌ 1    ๐Ÿ“Œ 0

The corporation also involves Hensoldt and Isar Aerospace.
Hensoldt is a German defense electronics company specializing in sensor technologies for radar, optronics, electronic warfare, and avionics.

2/n

10.12.2025 19:18 โ€” ๐Ÿ‘ 0    ๐Ÿ” 0    ๐Ÿ’ฌ 1    ๐Ÿ“Œ 0
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Helsing und Kongsberg wollen in Deutschland Satelliten bauen Das auf Kรผnstliche Inteligenz (KI) spezialisierte deutsche Tech-Unternehmen Helsing und der norwegische Konzern Kongsberg Defence & Aerospace haben heute

This is interesting!

The German Defense AI Start-up Helsing and the Norwegian defense group Kongsberg plan to establish a sovereign satellite constellation for intelligence, surveillance, and reconnaissance (ISR) for Europe by 2029, including a communications layer.

1/n

10.12.2025 19:18 โ€” ๐Ÿ‘ 3    ๐Ÿ” 0    ๐Ÿ’ฌ 1    ๐Ÿ“Œ 0

That means you think it is within reach?

10.12.2025 19:07 โ€” ๐Ÿ‘ 0    ๐Ÿ” 0    ๐Ÿ’ฌ 1    ๐Ÿ“Œ 0
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Wonderful comment below the blog ๐Ÿ™ˆ๐Ÿ™„

10.12.2025 18:29 โ€” ๐Ÿ‘ 1    ๐Ÿ” 0    ๐Ÿ’ฌ 0    ๐Ÿ“Œ 0

On-Orbit Manufatcture, Assembly, and Recycle #OMAR #OOS #ISOS #ISAM

10.12.2025 18:22 โ€” ๐Ÿ‘ 1    ๐Ÿ” 0    ๐Ÿ’ฌ 1    ๐Ÿ“Œ 0
Analysis of space debris recycling potential to supply raw materials for construction on the Moon | Nebula Public Library

But this study apparently thinks it is possible:

"recycling space debris is within the framework of Europeโ€™s technical capabilities. The recycling of raw materials for space manufacturing seems to be the initial low-hanging fruit and objects with high aluminium content are ideal recycling targets."

10.12.2025 18:22 โ€” ๐Ÿ‘ 2    ๐Ÿ” 0    ๐Ÿ’ฌ 2    ๐Ÿ“Œ 0

Yes, it's old but still interesting because I still don't see recycling in space being possible in the coming years.

10.12.2025 18:22 โ€” ๐Ÿ‘ 1    ๐Ÿ” 1    ๐Ÿ’ฌ 1    ๐Ÿ“Œ 0

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