Sang-Ki Lee

Seasonal outlook of hurricane activity for five North Atlantic sub-basins Seasonal hurricane outlooks, such as those issued by NOAA’s Climate Prediction Center, Colorado State University (Klotzbach et al., 2017), ECMWF, and University of Arizona (Davis and Zeng, 20…

A new study discussed skill and challenges in seasonal forecasting of hurricane activity for five North Atlantic sub-basins 🌊🧪: ocean2climate.org/2025/10/09/s...

36 Hours in Busan, South Korea

36 Hours in Busan, South Korea www.nytimes.com/interactive/...

Not available yet.

The Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation (AMOC) timeseries at 26.5N was just updated (rapid.ac.uk). It appears that the AMOC has slightly rebounded in 2023 (16.00 Sv) from its minimum in 2022 (15.22 Sv). It is the 7th lowest annual mean AMOC value since 2005. 🌊🧪

By using CMIP6 projection, and a coastal hydrodynamic model, a new study found ~ 30cm increase in the coastal sea level along the US Gulf and East Coasts by 2050, which can be translated into an increase in sunny day flooding by 10 days per year. 🌊🧪 agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1029/...

A new study carried out dynamic downscaling simulations of CMIP6 models to show that (1) Atlantic TC activity overall decreases in the future, (2) the decrease is mainly in the peak and late seasons (Sep-Nov), (3) early season (May-June) activity increases, & others: 🌊🧪 www.cell.com/iscience/ful...

A high-resolution climate model under a high-emission scenario projects that the formation of Dense Antarctic Shelf Water stops around 2040, shutting down the lower MOC cell, largely due to reduced formation of sea-ice & associated decrease in brine rejection: 🌊🧪 link.springer.com/article/10.1...

A new ERL paper shows that winter Atlantic Nina helps El Nino persist beyond winter to early summer, while winter Atlantic Nino promotes El Nino's transition to La Nina: 🌊🧪👍 iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1...

This study-in-review proposed that coastal sea level variability along the South Atlantic Bight & the US Gulf coast is linked to Gulf Stream variability downstream of Cape Hatteras with 2-3 months delay, hinting a potential week-to-month predictability 🌊🧪👍 egusphere.copernicus.org/preprints/20...

[ENG] Statesmen's Forum: His Excellency Lee Jae Myung, President of the Republic of Korea YouTube video by Center for Strategic & International Studies

www.youtube.com/live/GHcBSwe...

YouTube video by NOAA_AOML The Data Diaries: Pilot

Introducing The Data Diaries. Each episode of this new series will highlight different instruments, the type of data they collect, and the different people involved in each step. Stay tuned for the first episode, where we will explore the depths of the ocean with a glider. 🌊 youtu.be/ufbyd3MoyCY?...

A study used CMIP6 models to report that the surface buoyancy flux into North Atlantic (Bflx) may switch sign from (-) to (+) by 2026 with a 25% & by 2095 with a 57% under a high emission scenario. Bflx > 0 was used as a sign of the AMOC collapse. 🌊🧪 agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1029/...

An excellent summary. 👍

Atlantic Nina has almost completely dissipated. At the same time, the Atlantic and Eastern North Pacific Warm Pools are becoming stronger. These may provide favorable conditions for hurricane development and intensification. A cold wake from the hurricane Erin is also clearly visible. 🌊🧪

This is a nice review paper on inter-basin and inter-mode climate variability. It also discusses how the AMOC can be forced and force tropical variability, such as ENSO, and more: 🌊🧪👍 spj.science.org/doi/10.34133...

This Nature article argues that the recent declines in Antarctic sea-ice, ice-sheet, abyssal meridional overturning circulation (MOC), and marine species habitats point to a potential abrupt changes in the Antarctic environment: 🌊🧪🥼❄️ www.nature.com/articles/s41...

🌊🧪

Wintertime atmospheric teleconnections in Eurasia driven by North Atlantic SST tripole: 🌊🧪 link.springer.com/article/10.1...

Postdoctoral opportunity in regional ocean modeling (Miami, FL): 🌊🧪 explore.msujobs.msstate.edu/cw/en-us/job... For further information, please contact Dr. Fabian Gomez at fabian.gomez@noaa.gov.

Postdoctoral opportunity in subseasonal Atlantic hurricane forecasting (Miami, FL): 🌊🧪 explore.msujobs.msstate.edu/cw/en-us/job...
For further information, please contact Andrew Mercer at mercer@ngi.msstate.edu, Dongmin Kim at dongmin.kim@noaa.gov, or Hosmay Lopez at hosmay.lopez@noaa.gov.

A new study showed that the La Nina-like warming trend in the Pacific led to a weakening of MJO propagation into the central and eastern Pacific. I wish the study included the Atlantic domain given that MJO is important for hurricane development.😥🌊🧪 doi.org/10.1038/s432...

Synergy effect of warm Atlantic-Pacific on the longest-lasting 2023 western North American heat wave The southwestern United States (US) and Northern Mexico experienced their longest stretch of record-breaking heat wave in the summer of 2023 from mid-June to early August, affecting over 100 millio…

The 2023 Pacific El Niño development alone had very little impact on the 2023 western North American heat wave. However, when it was combined with the record warm Atlantic, it significantly boosted the heat wave event: 🌊🧪 ocean2climate.org/2025/08/17/s...

Atlantic Niño/Niña Modulates Typhoon Landfall Risk in East and Southeast Asia - NOAA/AOML A new study shows that the impacts of Atlantic Niño/Niña on tropical cyclones in the western North Pacific basin through inter-basin teleconnections.

Impacts of Atlantic Niño/Niña on typhoon landfalling risks in East and Southeast Asian countries 🌊🧪 www.aoml.noaa.gov/atlantic-nin...

So, in a low-resolution model, the AMOC has to be unrealistically strong to overcome the wall-boundary layer issue to separate below the zero-wind stress curl line.

This issue is related to the wall boundary layer dynamics. A separation of boundary flow is determined by the flow speed, not the integrated transport. Since the Gulf Stream speed is much weaker in low-resolution models, the flow cannot separate.

That's a great point. Probably, the gulf stream not separating from the coast in low-resolution ocean models is a different issue. But, it is definitely food for thought. 👍

My thoughts on “A Two-Level Wind and Buoyancy Driven Thermocline Model” by Peter Killworth and its implication on the Gulf Stream separation latitude I was discussing with my colleagues about a recent northward shift of the Gulf Stream position and debating why that happened. So, I decided to read again one of my favorite physical oceanography p…

Some thoughts on Killworth (1985, JPO) and the role of the AMOC in controlling the Gulf Stream separation latitude: 🌊 ocean2climate.org/2025/08/09/m...

🌊🧪🥼❄️

Why does the upper atmosphere cool with increasing carbon dioxide? According to model simulations with increasing carbon dioxide in the atmosphere, the zonal mean temperature in the atmosphere get warmer in the troposphere (< 10km or > 100hPa) and colder in …

Here is a related discussion about why the upper atmosphere cool with increasing carbon dioxide and decreasing ozone. 🌊🧪 ocean2climate.org/2019/03/06/w...

During 2002-22, the Antarctic lower stratosphere cooled, a sign of decreasing ozone. A new study showed that this cooling was driven by a slowdown of the atmospheric motion that transports ozone poleward. Removing this effect showed a continued healing of the ozone layer. 🌊🧪👍 doi.org/10.1029/2025...