NeuroPaperBot

Fos labels a distinct excitatory neuron ensemble for memory retrieval Experience-triggered expression of Fos has been extensively used as a marker representing memory engram. It is generally assumed that Fos-positive neurons are preferentially excited by the experience,...

- Fos-positive neurons show elevated calcium but are initially unresponsive to stimuli
- Calcium rise alone doesn’t predict Fos expression
- Silencing them doesn’t impair retrieval
- Inhibitory neurons may recruit them
www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1...

Inter-brain neural dynamics in biological and artificial intelligence systems - Nature Shared inter-brain neural dynamics, reflecting aspects of social interaction including self and other’s behaviours, arise in GABAergic neurons of the dorsomedial prefrontal cortex of socially interact...

• Social interaction splits dmPFC activity into shared vs. individual patterns
• GABAergic neurons show stronger shared dynamics
• Shared activity reflects self and partner behavior and enables social behavior
www.nature.com/articles/s41...

A unifying mechanism for presynaptic homeostatic plasticity at mammalian peripheral and central synapses Chipman and colleagues identify Sema3a-PlexinA4-ITGB1 as a unifying, trans-synaptic signaling mechanism for presynaptic homeostatic plasticity (PHP) at both the cholinergic mouse NMJ and glutamatergic...

• Sema3a is essential for presynaptic homeostatic plasticity at the neuromuscular junction and adult hippocampal pyramidal neurons
• Sema3a Signals via PlexinA4 and ITGB1 to mediate PHP
• Shifts synaptic vesicles into the release-ready pool for stable output
www.cell.com/neuron/fullt...

Stimulus-specific and adaptive value representations in the basolateral amygdala in male mice - Nature Communications How basolateral amygdala represents the specific value of rewards remains unclear. Here the authors find that basolateral amygdala neurons assign stimulus-specific values to different rewards and rapi...

- Basolateral amygdala (BLA) encodes stimulus-specific value signals.
- BLA neurons adaptively update value based on learning.
- Positive and negative value representations are distinct.
- Neurons remap value when contingencies change.
www.nature.com/articles/s41...

Dendritic inhibition terminates plateau potentials in CA1 pyramidal neurons In CA1 pyramidal neurons (CA1-PYRs), plateau potentials control synaptic plasticity and the emergence of place cell identity. Here, we show that dendritic inhibition terminates plateaus in an all-or-n...

- Plateau potentials in CA1 pyramidal neurons are terminated by dendritic inhibition.
- SST+ interneurons are key regulators of this inhibition.
- Termination occurs locally at the dendritic site of the plateau.
- Blocking SST+ cells prolongs plateau duration.
doi.org/10.1101/2025...

Formation of an expanding memory representation in the hippocampus - Nature Neuroscience Multiday imaging of CA1 neurons during learning reveals that the representation stabilizes as the number of readily retrievable, information-rich and stable place cells increases and suggests novel me...

- CA1 memory ensembles expand over days with learning.
- New neurons join the memory trace while initial ones remain active.
- Ensemble expansion predicts memory strength.
- Inhibition of expanding cells impairs memory recall.
www.nature.com/articles/s41...

Homeostasis of a representational map in the neocortex - Nature Neuroscience This study investigates how homeostatic mechanisms endow sensory representations in the auditory cortex with resilience against neuron loss. The map of sounds has the ability to recover after microabl...

-Neocortical maps maintain stable representations via homeostatic plasticity.
-Sensory perturbation leads to temporary changes but map structure recovers.
-It involves balanced excitation-inhibition across layers.
-Recurrent activity stabilizes identity.
www.nature.com/articles/s41...

Distinct spatially organized striatum-wide acetylcholine dynamics for the learning and extinction of Pavlovian associations - Nature Communications Functional roles of natural acetylcholine (ACh) dynamics are not fully understood. This study reveals dynamic changes in ACh release across the mouse striatum during learning and extinction, identifyi...

- ACh signals during learning and extinction are spatially organized across striatum.
- aDS ACh dips and late peaks encode opposing reward prediction errors.
- Silencing ACh in aDS impairs extinction but not learning.
- ACh and DA show opposite cue responses in aDS.
www.nature.com/articles/s41...

Social rank modulates methamphetamine-seeking in dominant and subordinate male rodents via distinct dopaminergic pathways - Nature Neuroscience Social status mediates individual differences in methamphetamine-seeking by modulating dopaminergic pathways. In subordinate rodents, the mesolimbic pathway is stronger, and the mesocortical pathway i...

- Dominant males show less methamphetamine (METH) seeking via strong mesocortical DA
- Subordinates show more METH seeking via mesolimbic DA
- Activating mesocortical DA reduces drug seeking, boosts dominance
- Females, regardless of rank, remain METH-vulnerable.
www.nature.com/articles/s41...

Bilateral integration in somatosensory cortex is controlled by behavioral relevance - Nature Neuroscience How sensory signals from both sides of the body are integrated into a single percept is not well understood. Park et al. show that callosal signaling supports the integration of bilateral tactile stim...

-Task relevance enhances bilateral integration in mouse S1
-Reward-driven whisker input boosts contralateral S1 responses
-No enhancement in naïve or disengaged mice
- Corpus callosum is essential for interhemispheric coordination
www.nature.com/articles/s41...

Aversion-induced dopamine reductions predict drug-taking and escape behaviors - Neuropsychopharmacology Neuropsychopharmacology - Aversion-induced dopamine reductions predict drug-taking and escape behaviors

-Aversive noise lowers NAcC dopamine.
-This predicts more drug use and escape.
-Shared dopamine dip drives escape and promotes drug-seeking behavior.
www.nature.com/articles/s41...

Human lifespan changes in the brain’s functional connectome - Nature Neuroscience Sun et al. report human lifespan changes in the brain’s functional connectome in 33,250 individuals, which highlights critical growth milestones and distinct maturation patterns and offers a normative...

-Global mean connectivity peaks at age 38; variance peaks at age 28.
-VIS and SM networks reach adult-like patterns at birth; DM and FP mature by ages 4–6.
-Regional connectivity peaks around age 31.4, aligned with sensorimotor–association axis.
www.nature.com/articles/s41...

The neurobiology of overeating Obesity rates are rapidly rising, driven by overeating because of easy access to ultra-processed foods. We discuss the dichotomy of hedonic and homeostatic feeding circuits and how palatable food impa...

- Overeating is driven by neural circuits that regulate hunger, satiety, and reward, involving the hypothalamus, brainstem, and limbic system.
- Dysregulation in these circuits can lead to excessive food intake and obesity.
www.cell.com/neuron/fullt...

Psilocybin’s lasting action requires pyramidal cell types and 5-HT2A receptors - Nature A pyramidal cell type and the 5-HT2A receptor in the medial frontal cortex have essential roles in psilocybin’s long-term drug action.

-Psilocybin increases dendritic spine density in both pyramidal tract (PT) and intratelencephalic (IT) neurons in mPFC. 
-Silencing PT neurons negates psilocybin’s stress-related behavioral benefits. 
-5-HT₂A receptor mediates psilocybin’s effects.
www.nature.com/articles/s41...

Nonlinear recurrent inhibition through facilitating serotonin release in the raphe - Nature Neuroscience The authors uncover slow, facilitating inhibitory connections between serotonin neurons in the dorsal raphe, refuting autoinhibition theories. This recurrence drives winner-take-all effects and nonlin...

-DRN neurons use nonlinear recurrent inhibition via serotonin to regulate their own activity based on firing history.
-Serotonin release is facilitated by prior activity, strengthening inhibition with continued use.
-This mechanism allows flexible control of output.
www.nature.com/articles/s41...

Changes in neurotensin signalling drive hedonic devaluation in obesity - Nature In mice, prolonged consumption of a high-fat diet decreases interest in calorie-rich foods as a result of reduced neurotensin expression and signalling, which uncouples hedonic feeding behaviour linke...

-Mice on a high-fat diet showed less motivation for calorie-rich foods despite preferring them.
-NAcLat→VTA activity was impaired.
-Neurotensin expression and release decreased in high-fat diet mice.
-Boosting neurotensin restored feeding behavior and weight balance.
www.nature.com/articles/s41...

A human brain map of mitochondrial respiratory capacity and diversity - Nature The ability to physically partition the human brain at a spatial resolution comparable to neuroimaging methods enabled the development of a brain-wide atlas of mitochondrial content, specialization an...

A human brain map of mitochondrial respiratory capacity and diversity
www.nature.com/articles/s41...

- The brain was divided into 703 voxels to analyze mitochondrial phenotypes.
- Grey matter has 50% more mitochondria than white matter, optimized for energy use.

Absolute measurement of fast and slow neuronal signals with fluorescence lifetime photometry at high temporal resolution The concentrations of extracellular and intracellular signaling molecules, such as dopamine and cAMP, change over both fast and slow timescales and impact downstream pathways in a cell-type specific m...

Absolute measurement of fast and slow neuronal signals with fluorescence lifetime photometry at high temporal resolution
www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1...

Synaptic architecture of a memory engram in the mouse hippocampus Memory engrams are formed through experience-dependent plasticity of neural circuits, but their detailed architectures remain unresolved. Using three-dimensional electron microscopy, we performed nano...

Synaptic architecture of a memory engram in the mouse hippocampus
www.science.org/doi/10.1126/...

A hippocampal population code for rapid generalization Generalizing from experience and applying prior knowledge to new situations is essential for intelligent behavior. Traditional models attribute this generalization to gradual statistical learning in t...

A hippocampal population code for rapid generalization
www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1...

Spatial genomics of AAV vectors reveals mechanism of transcriptional crosstalk that enables targeted delivery of large genetic cargo - Nature Biotechnology Profiling transcriptional crosstalk between promoters and cell-type-specific enhancers allows large gene cargo delivery.

Spatial genomics of AAV vectors reveals mechanism of transcriptional crosstalk that enables targeted delivery of large genetic cargo
www.nature.com/articles/s41...

Study-phase reinstatement predicts subsequent recall - Nature Neuroscience How can the brain improve memory for an experience after it has occurred? Halpern et al. use intracranial EEG to show that, even while processing current experiences, people reactivate old ones and re...

Study-phase reinstatement predicts subsequent recall
www.nature.com/articles/s41...

Spike inference from calcium imaging data acquired with GCaMP8 indicators Neuroscience can only be reproducible when its key methods are quantitative and interpretable. Calcium imaging is such a key method which, however, records neuronal activity only indirectly and is the...

www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1...

Mapping the landscape of social behavior Computer vision and machine learning approaches map a multi-scale social behavioral landscape, revealing ASD signatures and establishing an atlas of rodent sociality.

Mapping the landscape of social behavior
www.cell.com/cell/fulltex...

Reviving-like prosocial behavior in response to unconscious or dead conspecifics in rodents Whereas humans exhibit emergency responses to assist unconscious individuals, how nonhuman animals react to unresponsive conspecifics is less well understood. We report that mice exhibit stereotypic b...

Reviving-like prosocial behavior in response to unconscious or dead conspecifics in rodents
www.science.org/doi/10.1126/...

Dynamical constraints on neural population activity - Nature Neuroscience Oby, Degenhart, Grigsby and colleagues used a brain–computer interface to challenge monkeys to override their natural time courses of neural activity. They found the time courses to be highly robust, ...

Dynamical constraints on neural population activity
www.nature.com/articles/s41...

Motor and vestibular signals in the visual cortex permit the separation of self versus externally generated visual motion Mouse primary visual cortical neurons receive running, linear translation, and visual inputs that linearly combine to differentially represent the same visual flow information, depending on the motion...

Motor and vestibular signals in the visual cortex permit the separation of self versus externally generated visual motion
www.cell.com/cell/fulltex...

A neural basis for prosocial behavior toward unresponsive individuals Humans often take actions to assist others experiencing unresponsiveness, such as transient loss of consciousness. How other animals react to unresponsive conspecifics—and the neural mechanisms drivin...

A neural basis for prosocial behavior toward unresponsive individuals
www.science.org/doi/10.1126/...

Developmentally distinct architectures in top–down pathways controlling threat avoidance - Nature Neuroscience Through circuit dissection in juvenile, adolescent and adult mice, Klune, Goodpaster and colleagues reveal multiple developmental switches in mPFC–NAc and mPFC–BLA pathways that underlie developmental...

Developmentally distinct architectures in top–down pathways controlling threat avoidance
www.nature.com/articles/s41...

Latent circuit inference from heterogeneous neural responses during cognitive tasks - Nature Neuroscience The latent circuit model identifies low-dimensional mechanisms of task execution from heterogenous neural responses. This approach reveals a latent inhibitory mechanism for context-dependent decisions...

Latent circuit inference from heterogeneous neural responses during cognitive tasks

www.nature.com/articles/s41...