in relation to the audience cost theory. Survey experiment papers may not be the most reader-friendly type of articles, but I hope many Japanese, US, and Chinese diplomats and defense officials will read this paper.

commitment do not make the Japanese public more likely to support escalatory policy against China in the two countries' maritime territorial disputes. I'm personally more interested in the first part of their experiment, but I like that the paper gets more out of the respondents in the 2nd phase,

I enjoyed reading this thoughtfully-designed survey experiment paper (OPEN ACESS) by @yasukikudo.bsky.social and @ncviethung.bsky.social : "Does the US Really Embolden its Allies? Evidence from a Survey Experiment in Japan." doi.org/10.1177/0022.... The paper shows that US signals of security

you can probably see from the last part, it was a safeguard against South Korea's adventurism, but the treaty text is what it is. Of course, political and strategic considerations are very important, but the treaty text should have some influence on how the allies negotiate.

nor shall anything in the present Treaty be construed as requiring the United States to give assistance to Korea except in the event of an armed attack against territory which has been recognized by the United States as lawfully brought under the administrative control of the Republic of Korea." As

...neither party is obligated, under Article III of the above Treaty, to come to the aid of the other except in case of an external armed attack against such party; ...

"...in accordance with its constitutional processes." Moreover, "[The United States Senate gave its advice and consent to the ratification of the treaty subject to the following understanding:] It is the understanding of the United States that

"...now under their respective administrative control, or hereafter recognized by one of the Parties as lawfully brought under the administrative control of the other, would be dangerous to its own peace and safety and declares that it would act to meet the common danger...

...which includes "armed forces, public vessels or aircraft in the Pacific"). The US-ROK MDT instead restricts the geographic scope as follows: Article 3 "Each Party recognizes that an armed attack in the Pacific area on either of the Parties in territories...[crucial details follow]

Exclusive: Washington presses Seoul to expand defense treaty into Indo-Pacific Exclusive: Washington presses Seoul to expand defense treaty into Indo-Pacific Trump administration seeks South Korean commitment in US-China flashpoints

This is an interesting article. But I would like to add a few important details from the US-ROK mutual defense treaty.
www.chosun.com/english/nati.... The treaty doesn't cover just anywhere in the Pacific (unlike a broader interpretation of the US-PH MDT...

Here is my brief take on the new president of South Korea.
➡️ What factors determined Lee Jae-myung's election?
➡️Who is the new president?
➡️What can the election results mean for South Korea’s domestic politics and its foreign policy?

👉 pism.pl/publications...

❗New Korea Chair Explains❗

"President Lee Jae-myung: the United States’ Perspective", by Henry Haggard for CSDS.

Read🔸 csds.vub.be/publication/...

❗New Korea Chair Explains❗

"The Election of President Lee Jae-myung and China", by Maximilian Ernst for CSDS.

Read🔸 csds.vub.be/publication/... @maximilianernst.bsky.social

❗New Korea Chair Explains❗

"New South Korean President Lee Jae-myung and Japan", by Tongfi Kim for CSDS.

Read🔸 csds.vub.be/publication/... @tongfi-kim.bsky.social

happening and what should be pursued by other actors as effective responses to the US president's policies.

I enjoyed and learned much from Dr. Gideon Rose's talk at CSDS today. On the question of pushback from other actors, I wondered about the differences from the so-called soft-balancing during the George W. Bush administration. Different US policies, and different responses. Curious about both what is

In this thread @tongfi-kim.bsky.social summarises superbly our latest article for @cspjournal.bsky.social

Levels of division: How wedge strategies shape international and domestic politics States often seek to undermine their competitors in order to obtain a favorable balance of power. Yet, the literature on how they actually do that remains sparse and disconnected. We focus on how a...

🚨New article online

How do states seek to weaken a competitor externally or internally for negative balancing purposes?

@tongfi-kim.bsky.social & @luissimonn.bsky.social provide a novel framework for analysing wedge strategies.

www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10....

@csds.bsky.social

It was titled “A plan to promote the end of the war with Britain, the U.S., the Netherlands, and Chiang.” It seems odd to see Chiang Kai-shek's name along with three countries, but you will see why after you read our paper!

against China between 1911 and 1945 should be interesting to many people too. For instance, do you know the name of the strategic plan the Japanese government adopted on 15 November 1941, for its coming war with Western powers?

(3) into an EU member state (between subnational groups), and (4) between individuals. Our paper has policy implications for the contemporary international relations, and the case study of Russia's wedging against the EU will have many lessons for many people. But our case study of Japan's wedging

three images of Waltz (1959). For instance, in order to achieve geopolitical gains, external powers can drive a wedge (1) between the EU and another state, (2) into the EU (i.e. between different EU institutions like the European Commission or Parliament as well as between EU member states),

For instance, U.S. policy toward some members of drug cartels can be seen as “reward wedging” for negative internal balancing. By giving some criminals leniency in exchange for cooperation, the U.S. government hopes to weaken the drug cartels. The levels of analysis can even go beyond the

Because wedging actually happens in a variety of settings, and wedging can be attempted at multiple levels of analysis simultaneously. We had to cut out many examples due to space constraints, but the concept of wedge strategies can travel well beyond interstate relations or even political entities.

alliance at an acceptable cost” (Crawford, 2011, p. 156). Wedge strategy literature has been thriving as a study of negative external balancing, but we reconceptualize wedging as "attempts to divide a target group internally and/or externally so as to weaken its external or internal alignment." Why?

Levels of division: How wedge strategies shape international and domestic politics States often seek to undermine their competitors in order to obtain a favorable balance of power. Yet, the literature on how they actually do that remains sparse and disconnected. We focus on how a...

Open Access Article in @cspjournal.bsky.social by @luissimonn.bsky.social and me. www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10..... THREAD. Many people who see this post (well, not so many) are probably familiar with wedge strategies, “a state’s attempt to prevent, break up, or weaken a threatening or blocking

Many thanks to @cspjournal.bsky.social for a smooth process. Happy to have written this with my @unileiden.bsky.social teammate William Lippert. It was a new substantive and methodological journey for me!

Long in the making, I am delighted to share my latest peer-reviewed publication -- in @internatltheory.bsky.social -- on non-aggression pacts.

A short thread.

DOGE Is Trying to Gift Itself a $500 Million Building, Court Filings Show The documents reveal a DOGE affiliate is attempting to transfer the headquarters of an independent think tank, the United States Institute of Peace, to the government at no cost.

Here's how it works:

1. DOGE fires everybody at USIP.
2. A DOGE guy from GSA gets installed USIP's acting president.
3. That guy agrees to transfer USIP's $500 million headquarters back to GSA—for free.

www.wired.com/story/doge-t...

❗Last Call for Scholarships❗

Are you a Japanese student with a passion for deepening Europe-Japan ties? Then we are offering scholarships for you to study in Brussels! You have until 15 April 2025 to apply!

Apply now🔸 csds.vub.be/scholarships... #日本人学生のための奨学金