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Tiffany Zarrella

@tiffzarrella.bsky.social

assistant professor at georgetown | polymicrobial interactions | bacterial physiology | science educator | views my own www.zarrellalab.org

1,887 Followers  |  2,750 Following  |  25 Posts  |  Joined: 12.10.2023  |  2.0434

Latest posts by tiffzarrella.bsky.social on Bluesky

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Regulatory Rewiring Drives Intraspecies Competition in Bacillus subtilis Intraspecies interactions shapes microbial community structure and evolution, yet the mechanisms determining competitive outcomes among closely related strains remain unclear. The soil bacterium Bacil...

Regulatory Rewiring Drives Intraspecies Competition in Bacillus subtilis

bioRxiv from @bacteriacities.bsky.social

#competition #rapP #comP

www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1...

01.12.2025 13:33 β€” πŸ‘ 3    πŸ” 3    πŸ’¬ 0    πŸ“Œ 0
Top: (Top row) Sensitivity of S. coelicolor mutants to GlcNAc. Spores (5 × 105 CFU) of S. coelicolor M145 and its mutant derivatives βˆ†nagB, SMA11, βˆ†nagBβˆ†nagS, βˆ†nagBβˆ†nagSC (βˆ†nagBβˆ†nagS expressing nagS) and βˆ†nagBβˆ†nagSE (βˆ†nagBβˆ†nagS with empty plasmid pSET152) were streaked on MM agar plates with 1% mannitol (Mann) and 1% mannitol plus 10 mM GlcNAc (GlcNAc). (Bottom row) NagS and its role in GlcNAc sensing. Spores of M145 and βˆ†nagS were plated on MM and R5 with 0, 0.001, 0.01, 0.1, 1, 5, 10, 20, 50, 100, 150, and 200 mM GlcNAc. Note that nagS mutants hardly respond to GlcNAc.  Bottom: Model for the metabolic control of development by GlcNAc and NagS. During late vegetative growth of streptomycetes, the old vegetative or substrate hyphae are degraded in a process of programmed cell death (PCD), to produce the nutrients required to build the aerial mycelium (see mycelial drawings on the right). Mycelial lysis results in breakdown of the cell-wall, leading to the accumulation of GlcNAc-6P, which is a major nutritional signal for the onset of development and antibiotic production. NagS converts GlcNAc-6P into 6P-chromogen I (denoted as X-Ac-6P), which in turn is deacetylated by NagA into a toxic metabolite (denoted as X-6P) that resembles ribose. The toxic metabolite promotes cell lysis, thus releasing more GlcNAc-6P that serves as substrate for NagS and NagA. A salvage pathway then switches off the toxic pathway again. For this, GlcNAc-6P is converted by NagA and NagB into Fructose-6P (Fru-6P), which enters the pentose phosphate pathway (PPP), thereby producing 6-phosphogluconate (6-PG), a metabolic inhibitor of NagS. Thus, production of toxic metabolites ceases and the transition to aerial growth can be initiated. Arrows with round ends represent inhibition, dashed arrow shows proposed activity.

Top: (Top row) Sensitivity of S. coelicolor mutants to GlcNAc. Spores (5 × 105 CFU) of S. coelicolor M145 and its mutant derivatives βˆ†nagB, SMA11, βˆ†nagBβˆ†nagS, βˆ†nagBβˆ†nagSC (βˆ†nagBβˆ†nagS expressing nagS) and βˆ†nagBβˆ†nagSE (βˆ†nagBβˆ†nagS with empty plasmid pSET152) were streaked on MM agar plates with 1% mannitol (Mann) and 1% mannitol plus 10 mM GlcNAc (GlcNAc). (Bottom row) NagS and its role in GlcNAc sensing. Spores of M145 and βˆ†nagS were plated on MM and R5 with 0, 0.001, 0.01, 0.1, 1, 5, 10, 20, 50, 100, 150, and 200 mM GlcNAc. Note that nagS mutants hardly respond to GlcNAc. Bottom: Model for the metabolic control of development by GlcNAc and NagS. During late vegetative growth of streptomycetes, the old vegetative or substrate hyphae are degraded in a process of programmed cell death (PCD), to produce the nutrients required to build the aerial mycelium (see mycelial drawings on the right). Mycelial lysis results in breakdown of the cell-wall, leading to the accumulation of GlcNAc-6P, which is a major nutritional signal for the onset of development and antibiotic production. NagS converts GlcNAc-6P into 6P-chromogen I (denoted as X-Ac-6P), which in turn is deacetylated by NagA into a toxic metabolite (denoted as X-6P) that resembles ribose. The toxic metabolite promotes cell lysis, thus releasing more GlcNAc-6P that serves as substrate for NagS and NagA. A salvage pathway then switches off the toxic pathway again. For this, GlcNAc-6P is converted by NagA and NagB into Fructose-6P (Fru-6P), which enters the pentose phosphate pathway (PPP), thereby producing 6-phosphogluconate (6-PG), a metabolic inhibitor of NagS. Thus, production of toxic metabolites ceases and the transition to aerial growth can be initiated. Arrows with round ends represent inhibition, dashed arrow shows proposed activity.

GlcNAc build-up acts as a key metabolic signal in #Streptomyces, but how does it triggers developmental responses? @gillesvanwezel.bsky.social &co show that the enzyme NagS dehydrates GlcNAc-6P into a reactive intermediate, triggering a toxicity-based checkpoint @plosbiology.org πŸ§ͺ plos.io/44pE08I

28.11.2025 14:00 β€” πŸ‘ 9    πŸ” 7    πŸ’¬ 1    πŸ“Œ 0
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Bacteriophage genome-wide transposon mutagenesis Bacteriophages have genomes that span a wide size range, are densely packed with coding sequences, and frequently encode genes of unknown function. Classical forward genetics has defined essential gen...

#microsky #phagesky

Transposon mutagenesis of jumbo #phage using an anti-CRISPR factor as selectable marker

www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1...

25.11.2025 08:07 β€” πŸ‘ 15    πŸ” 4    πŸ’¬ 1    πŸ“Œ 0
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World AMR Awareness Week call to action: Patient and public involvement and engagement to improve impact on antimicrobial resistance – the time to act is now A step change is required in citizen awareness of the global AMR health crisis and, crucially, public involvement in tackling it. The global context presents new challenges but real-world examples show what is possible and an historic moment approaches, that we can leverage for positive action.

This week is World #AntimicrobialResistance Awareness week

To mark the occasion, Dr Scott-Dearing reflects on her @natcomms.nature.com paper published in January, noting the setbacks and progress made in tackling #AMR since

24.11.2025 18:38 β€” πŸ‘ 3    πŸ” 1    πŸ’¬ 0    πŸ“Œ 0
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Intracellular competition shapes plasmid population dynamics From populations of multicellular organisms to selfish genetic elements, conflicts between levels of biological organization are central to evolution. Plasmids are extrachromosomal, self-replicating g...

Hot off the press! Our latest paper led by @fernpizza.bsky.social, understanding how plasmids evolve inside cells. These small, self-replicating DNA circles live inside bacteria and carry antibiotic resistance genes, but also compete with one another to replicate. 1/
www.science.org/doi/10.1126/...

20.11.2025 21:42 β€” πŸ‘ 427    πŸ” 200    πŸ’¬ 11    πŸ“Œ 18
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Experimental phage evolution results in expanded host ranges against antibiotic resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates - Nature Communications Ghatbale et al. adapted a co-evolutionary technique to develop Klebsiella pneumoniae phages to be highly active longitudinally against K. pneumoniae clinical isolates, including drug resistant isolate...

Experimental phage evolution results in expanded host ranges against antibiotic resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates

-in @natcomms.nature.com

www.nature.com/articles/s41...

20.11.2025 11:22 β€” πŸ‘ 17    πŸ” 6    πŸ’¬ 0    πŸ“Œ 2
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Two unrelated Pseudomonas aeruginosa phages require the exopolysaccharide Psl for infection - npj Biofilms and Microbiomes npj Biofilms and Microbiomes - Two unrelated Pseudomonas aeruginosa phages require the exopolysaccharide Psl for infection

Two unrelated Pseudomonas aeruginosa phages require the exopolysaccharide Psl for infection

NPJ Biofilms and Microbiomes from Courtney Reichhardt and @micheleleroux.bsky.social and colleagues

www.nature.com/articles/s41...

19.11.2025 11:13 β€” πŸ‘ 9    πŸ” 4    πŸ’¬ 0    πŸ“Œ 1
The predation process of the nematode trapping fungus Arthrobotrys oligospora.
YouTube video by Fungal-Worm Lab IMB Academia Sinica The predation process of the nematode trapping fungus Arthrobotrys oligospora.

Did you know that some fungi are CARNIVOROUS? There are lots of species that do this, but I think Arthrobotrys oligospora is especially bonkers. These fungi sense when their prey (nematodes) are nearby by eavesdropping on the chemical signals that the nematodes use to communicate with each other πŸ§ͺπŸͺ²πŸ„

19.11.2025 01:59 β€” πŸ‘ 54    πŸ” 15    πŸ’¬ 2    πŸ“Œ 2
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Summer Undergraduate Research Experience | HHMI The Cech Fellows Program is a paid, nine-week summer research experience empowering the next generation of scientific leaders.

Calling all rising juniors & seniors: Interested in biological or biomedical research? Applications for our ’26 Summer Undergraduate Research Experience Program are now open! Nine weeks, hands-on research, & mentorship from some of the nation’s top scientists β€” learn more: bit.ly/CechFellows

18.11.2025 14:44 β€” πŸ‘ 64    πŸ” 79    πŸ’¬ 0    πŸ“Œ 11
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Structure-guided design of a synthetic bile acid that inhibits Clostridioides difficile TcdB toxin - Nature Microbiology A bile acid-bound structure of toxin TcdB revealed the mechanism of inhibition and guided the design of a synthetic bile acid that alleviated Clostridioides difficile infection in mice.

#NewResearch

A bile acid-bound structure of toxin TcdB revealed the mechanism of inhibition and guided the design of a synthetic bile acid that alleviated C. difficile infection in mice.

#MicroSky πŸ¦ πŸ’Š

www.nature.com/articles/s41...

18.11.2025 14:07 β€” πŸ‘ 36    πŸ” 17    πŸ’¬ 0    πŸ“Œ 2

Join the Micro PI Slack if you haven't already! Microbiologists unite πŸ”¬

13.11.2025 20:39 β€” πŸ‘ 3    πŸ” 2    πŸ’¬ 0    πŸ“Œ 0
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Genome synthesis, assembly, and rebooting of therapeutically useful high G+C% mycobacteriophages - PubMed Bacteriophages show therapeutic promise for treating bacterial pathogens including nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM). A major impediment is the paucity of therapeutically useful phages and the great variation in the phage infection profiles, especially among <i><i>Mycobacterium</i> abscessus</i> cli …

Genome synthesis, assembly, and rebooting of therapeutically useful high G+C% mycobacteriophages.

DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2523871122

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41213020/

12.11.2025 15:35 β€” πŸ‘ 1    πŸ” 2    πŸ’¬ 0    πŸ“Œ 1

A Two-Component Regulatory System Mediates Quorum Sensing-Dependent Morphology and Motility Transitions in the Archaeon Haloferax volcanii https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.11.10.687552v1

11.11.2025 04:16 β€” πŸ‘ 2    πŸ” 1    πŸ’¬ 0    πŸ“Œ 0
Pictures of a pink sea anemone sitting on top of a hermit crab shell.

Pictures of a pink sea anemone sitting on top of a hermit crab shell.

Oh, I love this. A new species of sea anemone was discovered recently that parks itself on top of a hermit crab shell like a hat. It seems to feed partly off the crab's faeces, but it also excretes a hard shell that extends the crab's home. In return, it's carried around the seafloor like a king.

10.11.2025 21:57 β€” πŸ‘ 5443    πŸ” 991    πŸ’¬ 133    πŸ“Œ 101
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Competitive fitness of Staphylococcus aureus against nasal commensals depends on biotin biosynthesis and acquisition Abstract. The human nasal microbiome can serve as a reservoir for pathogens. In particular, the opportunistic pathogen Staphylococcus aureus can be a membe

#ISMEJournal paper from Simon Heilbronner

Competitive fitness of Staphylococcus aureus against nasal commensals depends on biotin biosynthesis and acquisition

academic.oup.com/ismej/advanc...

06.11.2025 08:38 β€” πŸ‘ 10    πŸ” 6    πŸ’¬ 0    πŸ“Œ 0
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M. smegmatis uses new types of biofilm to enclose a liquid core and expand outwards in a weird new way.

30.10.2025 20:30 β€” πŸ‘ 20    πŸ” 8    πŸ’¬ 1    πŸ“Œ 2
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note, gliding is not comparable to sliding

the here described spreading is very similar to sliding (=spreading by growth and facilitating compounds, like polysaccharides), which was known for Salmonella - the authors are not fully correct stating that sliding always depends on surfactant

04.11.2025 14:41 β€” πŸ‘ 9    πŸ” 4    πŸ’¬ 2    πŸ“Œ 0

bacteria move by swimming, twitching, gliding/sliding, ...and now by 'swashing'
go figure!
#MicroSky

04.11.2025 14:14 β€” πŸ‘ 17    πŸ” 7    πŸ’¬ 1    πŸ“Œ 0
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One transcript, two functions: the emerging roles of dual-function RNAs Abstract. Bacteria use small regulatory RNAs (sRNAs) and small proteins to change gene expression and modulate cellular processes in response to changing e

One transcript, two functions: the emerging roles of dual-function RNAs

microLIFE review by @lizmarialuke.bsky.social and Kai Papenfort at @uni-jena.de

academic.oup.com/microlife/ad...

27.10.2025 18:15 β€” πŸ‘ 24    πŸ” 9    πŸ’¬ 1    πŸ“Œ 0
Job ad for Quantitative Microbe-Plant-Environment interactions position

Job ad for Quantitative Microbe-Plant-Environment interactions position

Job ad for microbial drivers of chronic disease position

Job ad for microbial drivers of chronic disease position

Come join us in Knoxville!

The Dept. of Microbiology 🧫🦠 at the University of Tennessee is hiring 2 Assistant Professors (tenure track, 9-month appt.).

Microbial Drivers of Chronic Disease: apply.interfolio.com/173153Quantitative Microbe-Plant-Environment Interactions: apply.interfolio.com/173345

24.10.2025 12:17 β€” πŸ‘ 24    πŸ” 33    πŸ’¬ 1    πŸ“Œ 1
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Proteolytically activated antibacterial toxins inhibit the growth of diverse gram-positive bacteria | PNAS Many species of bacteria produce small-molecule antibiotics that enter and kill a wide range of competitor microbes. However, diffusible antibacter...

www.pnas.org/doi/10.1073/...

#microsky

22.10.2025 18:31 β€” πŸ‘ 24    πŸ” 12    πŸ’¬ 0    πŸ“Œ 2
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SmallBARNA 2026: a kingdom-wide bacterial sRNA resource Abstract. Bacterial small RNA are important context-sensitive regulators of gene expression, especially in highly pathogenic bacteria, often controlling vi

academic.oup.com/nar/advance-...

#microsky a database of bacterial small RNA experimental data

22.10.2025 05:29 β€” πŸ‘ 14    πŸ” 8    πŸ’¬ 0    πŸ“Œ 0
Harvard FAS Cuts Ph.D. Seats By More Than Half Across Next Two Admissions Cycles | News | The Harvard Crimson The Faculty of Arts and Sciences slashed the number of Ph.D. student admissions slots for the Science division by more than 75 percent and for the Arts & Humanities division by about 60 percent for th...

Wow. Harvard nuking its PhD programs

- Science PhD admissions reduced by more than 75%
- Arts & Humanities reduced by about 60%
- Social Sciences by 50–70%
- History by 60%
- Biology by 75%
- The German department will lose all PhD seats
- Sociology from six PhD students to zero

21.10.2025 17:11 β€” πŸ‘ 2773    πŸ” 1523    πŸ’¬ 14    πŸ“Œ 514
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De-DUFing the DUFs 🧩 @franznarberhaus.bsky.social lab uncovers how small DUF1127 proteins regulate #phosphate uptake by binding the sensor kinase PhoR. Their conserved role from Agrobacterium to E. coli highlights how even small DUFs can shape bacterial physiology 🦠
buff.ly/jJd9Eho

21.10.2025 07:01 β€” πŸ‘ 21    πŸ” 14    πŸ’¬ 1    πŸ“Œ 0
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A choline-sensing regulator coordinates metabolic adaptation and pathogenesis in Pseudomonas aeruginosa pulmonary infections A neglected regulator drives Pseudomonas aeruginosa adaption and persistence during lung infections via choline metabolic switch.

A choline-sensing regulator coordinates metabolic adaptation and pathogenesis in Pseudomonas aeruginosa pulmonary infections

-n Science Advances

www.science.org/doi/10.1126/...

18.10.2025 14:33 β€” πŸ‘ 11    πŸ” 3    πŸ’¬ 0    πŸ“Œ 0
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Why Do Filamentous Actinomycetota Produce Such a Vast Array of Specialized Metabolites? Bacteria of the phylum Actinomycetota are extremely diverse: They inhabit niches ranging from soils and ocean sediments to the normal human microbiota, and they cause tuberculosis, one of the most pre...

Why Do Filamentous Actinomycetota Produce Such a Vast Array of Specialized Metabolites?
www.annualreviews.org/content/jour...

17.10.2025 07:40 β€” πŸ‘ 13    πŸ” 4    πŸ’¬ 0    πŸ“Œ 0
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Exciting news! πŸŽ‰ In Jan 2026, I’ll be starting as an Assistant Professor at Mass General Hospital in Boston. The lab will study host–pathogen co-adaptation during chronic lung infections, and how it shapes treatment outcomes and disease progression.

πŸ”— Check out open positions: meirelleslab.org

15.10.2025 21:56 β€” πŸ‘ 45    πŸ” 4    πŸ’¬ 5    πŸ“Œ 2
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NIH Leadership Is Failing Early Career Researchers Halted training programs, funding chaos, and hiring freezes jeopardize advancement options for early career researchers.

πŸ§ͺAn important read by @ianlmorgan.bsky.social about the plight of research. Reduction of force includes essential purchasing & communication staff. Cancelation of 35% in contract spending = hiring freezes & job insecurity.

Jay Bhattacharya is not interested in a solution.
This affects all of us.

12.10.2025 19:16 β€” πŸ‘ 17    πŸ” 12    πŸ’¬ 3    πŸ“Œ 0
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Versatile NTP recognition and domain fusions expand the functional repertoire of the ParB-CTPase fold beyond chromosome segregation Nucleotide triphosphate (NTP)-dependent molecular switches regulate essential cellular processes by cycling between active and inactive states through nucleotide binding and hydrolysis. These mechanis...

new preprint from our group & Antoine Hocher: www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1...
A fantastic collaboration with Antoine, with Jovana Kaljevic' initiated the collaboration and drives the project.

11.10.2025 11:36 β€” πŸ‘ 65    πŸ” 33    πŸ’¬ 2    πŸ“Œ 3

They have fired the staff of the CDC’s Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report and 70 Epidemic Intelligence Service officers, who are disease detectives that respond to outbreaks around the world.

I cannot emphasize enough how dangerous it is to dismantle our disease surveillance infrastructure.

11.10.2025 17:21 β€” πŸ‘ 4544    πŸ” 2017    πŸ’¬ 154    πŸ“Œ 99

@tiffzarrella is following 20 prominent accounts