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Freducator

@freducator431.bsky.social

History and Government teacher, recovering lawyer, Deadhead, coffee drinker

220 Followers  |  223 Following  |  94 Posts  |  Joined: 08.02.2024  |  2.4202

Latest posts by freducator431.bsky.social on Bluesky

Only an hour in and just as awesome as usual. Absolutely one of my favorite podcasts. Not just because of the topic but the care, research and fun that goes into it. Thank you.

20.11.2025 18:34 โ€” ๐Ÿ‘ 4    ๐Ÿ” 0    ๐Ÿ’ฌ 0    ๐Ÿ“Œ 0

Thanks for the rec. Didn't know about this. Just downloaded it. Sounds great.

20.11.2025 13:47 โ€” ๐Ÿ‘ 6    ๐Ÿ” 0    ๐Ÿ’ฌ 1    ๐Ÿ“Œ 0

Meanwhile, it's being reported this morning that Trump and Pete Hegseth are ramping up their bloodthirsty and incoherent threats to wage land war on Venezuela. Note how the fact that they're threatening to do this unilaterally has been relegated to an afterthought in much of the coverage.

15.11.2025 12:59 โ€” ๐Ÿ‘ 543    ๐Ÿ” 200    ๐Ÿ’ฌ 19    ๐Ÿ“Œ 3
MUNGIA, J. (concurring)โ€”I concur with the majorityโ€™s opinion.1
 And yet I
dissent. Not from the majorityโ€™s opinion, but I dissent from the racism embedded in the
federal case law that applies to this dispute.
FEDERAL INDIAN LAW IS A PRODUCT OF THE RACIST BELIEFS ENDEMIC IN OUR SOCIETY
AND OUR LEGAL SYSTEM
While it is certainly necessary to follow federal case law on issues involving
Native American tribes and their members, at the same time it is important to call out that
the very foundations of those opinions were based on racism and white supremacy. By
doing this, readers of our opinions will have no doubt that the current court disavows, and
condemns, those racist sentiments, beliefs, and statements.

MUNGIA, J. (concurring)โ€”I concur with the majorityโ€™s opinion.1 And yet I dissent. Not from the majorityโ€™s opinion, but I dissent from the racism embedded in the federal case law that applies to this dispute. FEDERAL INDIAN LAW IS A PRODUCT OF THE RACIST BELIEFS ENDEMIC IN OUR SOCIETY AND OUR LEGAL SYSTEM While it is certainly necessary to follow federal case law on issues involving Native American tribes and their members, at the same time it is important to call out that the very foundations of those opinions were based on racism and white supremacy. By doing this, readers of our opinions will have no doubt that the current court disavows, and condemns, those racist sentiments, beliefs, and statements.

Since the founding of our country, the federal government has characterized
Native Americans as โ€œsavagesโ€: They were โ€œuncivilized.โ€ They had little claim to the
land upon which they lived. At times, the federal government attempted to eradicate
Native Americans through genocidal policies. At other times, the federal government
employed ethnic cleansing by forcibly removing children from their parentsโ€™ homes to
strip them from their culture, their language, and their beings.2
Federal Indian case law arises from those racist underpinnings.
The majority correctly cites to Cherokee Nation v. Georgia, 30 U.S. (5 Pet.) 1, 8
L. Ed. 25 (1831), which is one of the foundational cases involving tribal sovereignty.
That opinion is rife with racist attitudes toward Native Americans. Chief Justice John
Marshall, writing for the majority, describes a tribeโ€™s relationship to the federal
government as one of โ€œward to his guardian.โ€ Id. at 17. In effect, the opinion presents
tribal members as children, and the federal government as the adult. That theme would
follow in later opinions by the United States Supreme Courtโ€”as would the theme of
white supremacy.
Cherokee Nation began with the premise that Native American tribes, once strong
and powerful, were no match for the white race and so found themselves โ€œgradually
sinking beneath our superior policy, our arts and our arms.โ€ Id. at 15. The white man
was considered the teacher, the Native Americans the pupils:

Since the founding of our country, the federal government has characterized Native Americans as โ€œsavagesโ€: They were โ€œuncivilized.โ€ They had little claim to the land upon which they lived. At times, the federal government attempted to eradicate Native Americans through genocidal policies. At other times, the federal government employed ethnic cleansing by forcibly removing children from their parentsโ€™ homes to strip them from their culture, their language, and their beings.2 Federal Indian case law arises from those racist underpinnings. The majority correctly cites to Cherokee Nation v. Georgia, 30 U.S. (5 Pet.) 1, 8 L. Ed. 25 (1831), which is one of the foundational cases involving tribal sovereignty. That opinion is rife with racist attitudes toward Native Americans. Chief Justice John Marshall, writing for the majority, describes a tribeโ€™s relationship to the federal government as one of โ€œward to his guardian.โ€ Id. at 17. In effect, the opinion presents tribal members as children, and the federal government as the adult. That theme would follow in later opinions by the United States Supreme Courtโ€”as would the theme of white supremacy. Cherokee Nation began with the premise that Native American tribes, once strong and powerful, were no match for the white race and so found themselves โ€œgradually sinking beneath our superior policy, our arts and our arms.โ€ Id. at 15. The white man was considered the teacher, the Native Americans the pupils:

Meanwhile they are in a state of pupilage. Their relation to the United
States resembles that of a ward to his guardian.
Id. at 17.
This characterization of superior to inferior, teacher to student, guardian to ward,
was repeated in later United States Supreme Court opinions.
In Lone Wolf v. Hitchcock, 187 U.S. 553, 23 S. Ct. 216, 47 L. Ed. 299 (1903),
often characterized as the โ€œAmerican Indian Dred Scott,โ€
3
the Court used that rationale to
justify ruling that the United States could break its treaties with Native American tribes.
These Indian tribes are the wards of the nation. They are communities
dependent on the United States. Dependent largely for their daily food.
Dependent for their political rights. . . . From their very weakness and
helplessness . . . there arises the duty of protection, and with it the power.
Id. at 567 (quoting United States v. Kagama, 118 U.S. 375, 383-84, 6 S. Ct. 1109, 30 L.
Ed. 228 (1886)).
Our court also carries the shame of denigrating Native Americans by using that
same characterization: โ€œThe Indian was a child, and a dangerous child, of nature, to be
both protected and restrained.โ€ State v. Towessnute, 89 Wash. 478, 482, 154 P. 805
(1916), judgment vacated and opinion repudiated by 197 Wn.2d 574, 486 P.3d 111
(2020).
3 See A

Meanwhile they are in a state of pupilage. Their relation to the United States resembles that of a ward to his guardian. Id. at 17. This characterization of superior to inferior, teacher to student, guardian to ward, was repeated in later United States Supreme Court opinions. In Lone Wolf v. Hitchcock, 187 U.S. 553, 23 S. Ct. 216, 47 L. Ed. 299 (1903), often characterized as the โ€œAmerican Indian Dred Scott,โ€ 3 the Court used that rationale to justify ruling that the United States could break its treaties with Native American tribes. These Indian tribes are the wards of the nation. They are communities dependent on the United States. Dependent largely for their daily food. Dependent for their political rights. . . . From their very weakness and helplessness . . . there arises the duty of protection, and with it the power. Id. at 567 (quoting United States v. Kagama, 118 U.S. 375, 383-84, 6 S. Ct. 1109, 30 L. Ed. 228 (1886)). Our court also carries the shame of denigrating Native Americans by using that same characterization: โ€œThe Indian was a child, and a dangerous child, of nature, to be both protected and restrained.โ€ State v. Towessnute, 89 Wash. 478, 482, 154 P. 805 (1916), judgment vacated and opinion repudiated by 197 Wn.2d 574, 486 P.3d 111 (2020). 3 See A

Returning to Cherokee Nation, Justice William Johnsonโ€™s separate opinion was
less tempered in how he considered the various Native American tribes:
I cannot but think that there are strong reasons for doubting the
applicability of the epithet state, to a people so low in the grade of
organized society as our Indian tribes most generally are.
Cherokee Nation, 30 U.S. at 21. Native Americans were not to be treated as โ€œequals to
equalsโ€ but, instead, the United States was the conqueror and Native Americans the
conquered. Id. at 23.
In discussing Native Americans, Justice Johnson employed another racist trope
used by judges both before and after him: Native Americans were uncivilized savages.
[W]e have extended to them the means and inducement to become
agricultural and civilized. . . . Independently of the general influence of
humanity, these people were restless, warlike, and signally cruel.
. . . .
But I think it very clear that the constitution neither speaks of them as states
or foreign states, but as just what they were, Indian tribes . . . which the law
of nations would regard as nothing more than wandering hordes, held
together only by ties of blood and habit, and having neither laws or
government, beyond what is required in a savage state.
Id. at 23, 27-28.
This same characterization was used by Justice Stanley Matthews in Ex parte KanGi-Shun-Ca (otherwise known as Crow Dog), 109 U.S. 556, 3 S. Ct. 396, 27 L. Ed. 1030
(1883). Justice Matthews described Native Americans as leading a savage life.

Returning to Cherokee Nation, Justice William Johnsonโ€™s separate opinion was less tempered in how he considered the various Native American tribes: I cannot but think that there are strong reasons for doubting the applicability of the epithet state, to a people so low in the grade of organized society as our Indian tribes most generally are. Cherokee Nation, 30 U.S. at 21. Native Americans were not to be treated as โ€œequals to equalsโ€ but, instead, the United States was the conqueror and Native Americans the conquered. Id. at 23. In discussing Native Americans, Justice Johnson employed another racist trope used by judges both before and after him: Native Americans were uncivilized savages. [W]e have extended to them the means and inducement to become agricultural and civilized. . . . Independently of the general influence of humanity, these people were restless, warlike, and signally cruel. . . . . But I think it very clear that the constitution neither speaks of them as states or foreign states, but as just what they were, Indian tribes . . . which the law of nations would regard as nothing more than wandering hordes, held together only by ties of blood and habit, and having neither laws or government, beyond what is required in a savage state. Id. at 23, 27-28. This same characterization was used by Justice Stanley Matthews in Ex parte KanGi-Shun-Ca (otherwise known as Crow Dog), 109 U.S. 556, 3 S. Ct. 396, 27 L. Ed. 1030 (1883). Justice Matthews described Native Americans as leading a savage life.

Washington Supreme Court Justice Mungia has an extraordinary opinion condemning "the underlying racism and prejudices that are woven into the very fabric" of SCOTUS opinions about Native people.

"We must clearly, loudly, and unequivocally state that was wrong.โ€
www.courts.wa.gov/opinions/pdf...

10.10.2025 17:29 โ€” ๐Ÿ‘ 577    ๐Ÿ” 196    ๐Ÿ’ฌ 3    ๐Ÿ“Œ 7

This is a core element of conservative philosophy: If a single "undeserving" person is getting a government benefit, the answer is to take it away from millions.*

*Offer does not apply to tax loopholes or any other benefit enjoyed by the wealthy

13.11.2025 16:16 โ€” ๐Ÿ‘ 1426    ๐Ÿ” 372    ๐Ÿ’ฌ 59    ๐Ÿ“Œ 10

So sorry to hear this. He brought so much joy to all of us.

13.11.2025 02:48 โ€” ๐Ÿ‘ 2    ๐Ÿ” 0    ๐Ÿ’ฌ 0    ๐Ÿ“Œ 0

The Trump administration is a fascist administration, but the United States is not yet a fascist state.

Total state capture takes time. Every obstacle we can present as individuals, groups, communities, and institutions helps slow that process.

Everything we do to resist matters. It ALL matters.

29.10.2025 19:11 โ€” ๐Ÿ‘ 547    ๐Ÿ” 210    ๐Ÿ’ฌ 18    ๐Ÿ“Œ 19

Refusing to feed people while building a massive ballroom is a fast track to eat the rich. No pun intended.

27.10.2025 17:08 โ€” ๐Ÿ‘ 5858    ๐Ÿ” 1149    ๐Ÿ’ฌ 107    ๐Ÿ“Œ 94

This thread makes a point I find myself coming to often these days.

It's hard to make this point in a way that doesn't sound like a threat, but it's just a fact that for centuries the wealthy in America worried that the mob would come get them and did all they could to avoid that fate.

27.10.2025 18:36 โ€” ๐Ÿ‘ 5274    ๐Ÿ” 1229    ๐Ÿ’ฌ 246    ๐Ÿ“Œ 64
Marc Lobliner post on X: "Why the hell are we giving food stamps to 40 million people?

Does anyone work anymore?"

Marc Lobliner post on X: "Why the hell are we giving food stamps to 40 million people? Does anyone work anymore?"

SNAP isn't about "people who don't work." It's about people who don't get paid enough to live.

Of the 40 or so million people who rely on food stamps:

* Two-thirds are children, seniors, or disabled

* Most working-age adults who receive SNAP are employedโ€”but in jobs that pay poverty wages

27.10.2025 00:48 โ€” ๐Ÿ‘ 20772    ๐Ÿ” 7596    ๐Ÿ’ฌ 811    ๐Ÿ“Œ 460

Really appreciated your Radio Atlantic podcast appearance.. Enlightening but chilling.

24.10.2025 16:59 โ€” ๐Ÿ‘ 0    ๐Ÿ” 0    ๐Ÿ’ฌ 0    ๐Ÿ“Œ 0

Hey, heโ€™s only the president, how is he supposed to know who he is pardoning

23.10.2025 20:20 โ€” ๐Ÿ‘ 1759    ๐Ÿ” 353    ๐Ÿ’ฌ 100    ๐Ÿ“Œ 18

This wins the award for thing I most agree with today. I have not only stopped watching most sports (not baseball) but stopped paying attention to results, standings, players because of the way that gambling is pushed on us. Sport is merely a delivery system for betting now.

23.10.2025 13:49 โ€” ๐Ÿ‘ 1    ๐Ÿ” 0    ๐Ÿ’ฌ 0    ๐Ÿ“Œ 0
Preview
Donald Trump Has Posted An AI Video Of Himself Dumping S**t On Protesters The US president is seen flying a fighter jet and wearing a crown as he targets those taking part in "No Kings" marches

It is notable that the Times article did not mention this, which, in itself, should be a huge, ongoing scandal, particularly in light of all of the concern about condescension to ordinary Americans that the Democrats supposedly display.
uk.news.yahoo.com/donald-trump...

19.10.2025 11:08 โ€” ๐Ÿ‘ 1042    ๐Ÿ” 271    ๐Ÿ’ฌ 52    ๐Ÿ“Œ 29

In social movement studies, we talk about how marches and protests expand the threshold of acceptable risk so that people take more and bigger social risks IN PUBLIC, EN MASSE. This is extremely important for the bourgeois white folks holding signs and building social rapport.

19.10.2025 01:44 โ€” ๐Ÿ‘ 10450    ๐Ÿ” 3079    ๐Ÿ’ฌ 110    ๐Ÿ“Œ 324

So now suddenly it's "Who cares?" and you know that means Trump cares, he cares very much indeed

18.10.2025 22:38 โ€” ๐Ÿ‘ 31    ๐Ÿ” 9    ๐Ÿ’ฌ 0    ๐Ÿ“Œ 1

Not being even vaguely sarcastic:

At some point, a journalist needs to ask Johnson โ€œyou regularly claim you have no idea what your own government is doing. If we take you at your word, how are you so poorly informed, and do you this level of ignorance should disqualify you as speaker?โ€

18.10.2025 01:45 โ€” ๐Ÿ‘ 12065    ๐Ÿ” 3334    ๐Ÿ’ฌ 381    ๐Ÿ“Œ 159
Video thumbnail

Newsom: This president appears unhingedโ€ฆ seems listlessโ€ฆ he seems, dare I say, in declineโ€”cognitively, andโ€ฆ physically. These are just the rantings of someone who needs an intervention, needs some help, needs to be stabilized.

16.10.2025 19:44 โ€” ๐Ÿ‘ 22220    ๐Ÿ” 6439    ๐Ÿ’ฌ 747    ๐Ÿ“Œ 327

Not yet...

16.10.2025 15:07 โ€” ๐Ÿ‘ 1    ๐Ÿ” 0    ๐Ÿ’ฌ 0    ๐Ÿ“Œ 0
Mike Davis racist smear

Mike Davis racist smear

Hakeem Jeffries posted pictures of two Rep. Members posing with โ€œYoung Republicansโ€ who were part of a racist text thread (as reported by Politico).

In response, Mike Davis (well-connected in Trump World & on the Hill) called Jeffries a โ€œhouse slaveโ€ for George Soros - proving Jeffriesโ€™ point.

15.10.2025 19:31 โ€” ๐Ÿ‘ 3357    ๐Ÿ” 1228    ๐Ÿ’ฌ 155    ๐Ÿ“Œ 150

Someone should let her know that she is currently the chair of the (normally) powerful Senate Appropriations Committee and do a lot more than weakly protest this shit.

15.10.2025 16:37 โ€” ๐Ÿ‘ 1020    ๐Ÿ” 201    ๐Ÿ’ฌ 33    ๐Ÿ“Œ 3

bsky.app/profile/sluc... This seems dispositive to me, & also just as a matter of fundamental separation of powers concerns, a federal regulation that *did* allow POTUS to fund the military for *years* against Congressโ€™ wishes canโ€™t be legit. Must be unconstitutional for the Constitution to survive

12.10.2025 02:49 โ€” ๐Ÿ‘ 173    ๐Ÿ” 53    ๐Ÿ’ฌ 5    ๐Ÿ“Œ 0
Preview
Federal Judges, Warning of โ€˜Judicial Crisis,โ€™ Fault Supreme Courtโ€™s Emergency Orders

Of all the news in this NYT survey of sitting federal judges - incl 47 of them think the SCt is mishandling its emergency docket - maybe the biggest is that 65 sitting fed judges (37D, 28R), folks circumspect for a living, responded to a NYT survey. Stunning. And a sign that something is very wrong.

11.10.2025 14:27 โ€” ๐Ÿ‘ 750    ๐Ÿ” 249    ๐Ÿ’ฌ 10    ๐Ÿ“Œ 9

If they claim they haven't heard the quote, play it for them and ask for a response.

If they claim it's being taken out of context, play a longer version and ask for a response.

If they try to sidestep the issue, play it over again and ask for a response.

01.10.2025 14:41 โ€” ๐Ÿ‘ 6270    ๐Ÿ” 1458    ๐Ÿ’ฌ 254    ๐Ÿ“Œ 62

The Secretary of Defense who only got the job because the president saw him on the teevee is complaining about military leaders who were promoted "for the wrong reasons"

30.09.2025 12:25 โ€” ๐Ÿ‘ 8700    ๐Ÿ” 1926    ๐Ÿ’ฌ 211    ๐Ÿ“Œ 59
When Trump tries to indict his political enemies on pretextual grounds, grand jurors have the option of refusing to indict. When prosecutors ask for a conviction, jurors can refuse to convict. The Trump administration can treat this government of the people as his own mob enforcers, but the people need not acquiesce. When Trump abuses his power to settle political scores, the people can choose to nullify.

When Trump tries to indict his political enemies on pretextual grounds, grand jurors have the option of refusing to indict. When prosecutors ask for a conviction, jurors can refuse to convict. The Trump administration can treat this government of the people as his own mob enforcers, but the people need not acquiesce. When Trump abuses his power to settle political scores, the people can choose to nullify.

Trumpโ€™s political prosecutions require members of the publicโ€”specifically jurorsโ€”to go along with him. Every time Trump wants to prosecute one of his political enemies, the people should say: no. www.theatlantic.com/ideas/archiv...

28.09.2025 14:00 โ€” ๐Ÿ‘ 1898    ๐Ÿ” 415    ๐Ÿ’ฌ 30    ๐Ÿ“Œ 12

A pattern is developing where everyone who fights back against a Trump attack inevitably wins with their reputation much better than before, and everyone who caves to him looks like shit and has Trump coming back for more a month later.

26.09.2025 23:23 โ€” ๐Ÿ‘ 16589    ๐Ÿ” 4256    ๐Ÿ’ฌ 352    ๐Ÿ“Œ 188

I need you to read this thread to understand why so many historians are revolted by this regime's crimes against the past

26.09.2025 12:50 โ€” ๐Ÿ‘ 2939    ๐Ÿ” 946    ๐Ÿ’ฌ 93    ๐Ÿ“Œ 21

@freducator431 is following 20 prominent accounts