Caleb Howells

YouTube video by Caleb Howells Did King Mark of Cornwall Really Exist?

This video examines the issue of whether or not King Mark from the Arthurian legends really existed: youtu.be/TuFuDYiyO9w?...

YouTube video by Caleb Howells The Forgotten Second Saint Patrick of Dark Age Britain

This video examines the generally forgotten second Saint Patrick of the early medieval period: youtu.be/y3y0SMZULyc?...

YouTube video by Caleb Howells Was Merlin a Real Bishop of Medieval Wales?

This video examines the theory that Merlin can be identified with the historical Bishop Dubricius of medieval Wales: youtu.be/FA4mVjhkMGc?...

YouTube video by Caleb Howells Is the Trojan War Mentioned in Hittite Records?

This video examines the claim that the Trojan War is mentioned in Bronze Age Hittite records: youtu.be/QEz7qUEqAlc?...

What he said about its location is actually incredibly consistent with Minoan Crete, along with various other details (some of them very specific) in his account of Atlantis.

YouTube video by Caleb Howells The Forgotten Irish Kingdom in Dark Age Britain

This video examines the evidence for an Irish kingdom in medieval Britain that has generally been overlooked: youtu.be/2JTWdqN4vrs?...

YouTube video by Caleb Howells Who Was the First Greek Poet: Homer or Hesiod?

This video examines the question of whether Homer or Hesiod was the first Greek poet:

youtu.be/21AMdIytROs?...

Was King Arthur Really a Northern Prince Named Arthwys ap Mar? | TheCollector One academic theory suggests that a northern prince named Arthwys ap Mar may have inspired the legendary King Arthur.

This article examines the theory that the real King Arthur was actually Arthwys ap Mar from the kingdom of Elmet: www.thecollector.com/was-king-art...

YouTube video by Caleb Howells Revealing King Arthur’s Real Dynasty in Medieval Wales (Part 2)

This video examines further evidence that the historical King Arthur was actually Athrwys ap Meurig by looking at how their family members match: youtu.be/GAFXZZnsDws?...

It does, yes. But the context of the discussion is: In the earliest version of the story of the Sword in the Stone, is it the same as Excalibur, or was it only later that they were combined into one sword?

Hence, an account that doesn’t mention the Sword in the Stone doesn’t come into it.

Indeed, but that doesn’t mention the Sword in the Stone at all.

YouTube video by Caleb Howells Atlantis, King Atlas of Mauretania, and the Eye of the Sahara

This video looks into the supposed connection between Atlantis, the Eye of the Sahara, and King Atlas of Mauretania: youtu.be/b3F9jJ3XSgY?...

“And it was the same swerde
that he toke oute of the ston; and the letteres that were write on the swerde seide
that the right name was cleped Escaliboure.”

And yes, I can indeed show you the source itself. Here’s a link to the Prose Merlin, the earliest surviving version of the tale:

metseditions.org/read/lbP7YY4...

The relevant quote:

What do you mean? Wikipedia has the correct information.

It is only in the Post-Vulgate Cycle that the Sword in the Stone is made separate from Excalibur.

YouTube video by Caleb Howells Was Excalibur the Sword in the Stone?

Already on it: youtu.be/r0jpba09m4I?...

I explain in that video, the earliest surviving version of the Sword in the Stone tale is the Prose Merlin, a version of Robert de Boron’s mostly lost Merlin poem (possibly also written by Robert himself). In that source, the sword is identified as Excalibur.

Your second fact, which is the pertinent one to this discussion, is incorrect. In the earliest version of the tale of the Sword in the Stone, it is identical to Excalibur. It is only later that they are separated into two different swords.

Yes, Excalibur the sword is mentioned (as Caliburn and Caledfwlch) before the story of the Sword in the Stone appears.

However, in the earliest version of the story of the Sword in the Stone, it is identified as Excalibur. It is not a separate sword.

It’s actually the other way around. The earliest version of the legend has Excalibur and the Sword in the Stone as the same sword, and then later versions split them into two different swords.

YouTube video by Caleb Howells Revealing King Arthur’s Real Dynasty in Medieval Wales (Part 1)

This video examines the legendary family members of King Arthur and shows how they can be identified as historical figures from a real dynasty in medieval Wales: youtu.be/NqKumMDaqgk?...

YouTube video by Caleb Howells The Shocking Truth about the Ancient Kings of Athens

This video examines the true history of the ancient kings of Athens, which is profoundly different from what the traditional story claims: youtu.be/4ibu8uLDies?...

YouTube video by Caleb Howells Identifying the Historical King Arthur (Part 2)

This video looks at yet more evidence that the real King Arthur can be identified as Athrwys ap Meurig of Gwent: youtu.be/USYC8D2mUKI?...

YouTube video by Caleb Howells Identifying the Historical King Arthur (Part 1)

This video analyses the evidence that King Arthur can be identified as the historical Athrwys ap Meurig of Gwent:
youtu.be/LcyQSocTm8c

YouTube video by Caleb Howells How Literate Were the Ancient Celts?

This video examines the issue of how literate the ancient Celts really were:
youtu.be/vqG7PTmu1ao

This compares the Coelbren characters with their counterparts in Roman cursive from Roman Gaul.

This alphabet is almost identical to the form of Roman cursive that was used in Britain and Gaul in the Roman era. See this article for a more detailed explanation: greekreporter.com/2025/05/16/c...

YouTube video by Caleb Howells Did King Arthur Really Die at the Battle of Camlann?

This video examines the evidence from Welsh, Latin, and Scottish sources that suggest that King Arthur didn’t really die at the Battle of Camlann: youtu.be/5Bts4aP2ouk?...

I don’t think there’s any evidence that the West Country’s Cornwall ever extended that far east.

YouTube video by Caleb Howells Do Ancient Maps Prove Atlantis was the Eye of the Sahara?

In view of the popular theory that Atlantis was the Eye of the Sahara, this video examines the supposed evidence from ancient maps that refer to ‘Atlantes’ in Africa: youtu.be/yj-2-d9utm4?...