Cathepsin L-dependent positive selection shapes clonal composition and functional fitness of CD4+ T cells Nature Immunology - Klein and colleagues show that the lysosomal cysteine protease cathepsin L shapes the diversity and optimizes the fitness of clones that enter the CD4+ T cell repertoire.

Klein and colleagues find that cathepsin L shapes CD4+ T cell selection by promoting full repertoire diversity and fine-tuning CD4+ T cell functionality. Read it here: rdcu.be/etDy2
www.nature.com/articles/s41...

Succinate drives gut inflammation by promoting FOXP3 degradation through a molecular switch Nature Immunology - Fang and colleagues show that the metabolite succinate can inhibit succinylation, and consequently protection from ubiquitin-mediated degradation, of the transcription factor...

Fang and colleagues find that succinate can suppress Foxp3 expression and enhance colitis severity. Read it here: rdcu.be/etDuE
www.nature.com/articles/s41...

PD-1 receptor deficiency enhances CD30+ Treg cell function in melanoma Nature Immunology - Here the authors show that PD-1 controls coinhibitory receptor expression by Treg cells. The absence of PD-1 expression could induce CD30 expression, thereby enhancing Treg...

Amarnath and colleagues find that PD-1 controls coinhibitory receptor expression in Tregs. Read it here: rdcu.be/etDtN
www.nature.com/articles/s41...

We Stand Up for Science!!!

A single-cell spatial chart of the airway wall reveals proinflammatory cellular ecosystems and their interactions in health and asthma Nature Immunology - Here, the authors use single-cell spatial transcriptomics to profile the airway wall landscape in health and during asthma. Discrete proinflammatory ecosystems containing...

Joulia et al use single cell spatial transcriptomics to profile the lung in health and during asthma and identify discrete proinflammatory spatial niches that produce alarmins and chemokines. Read it here: rdcu.be/epjN7
www.nature.com/articles/s41...

Cholinergic regulation of thymocyte negative selection Nature Immunology - Acetylcholine–α9 nAChR signaling regulates thymic negative selection.

Mak and colleagues find that double positive thymocytes express α9 nicotinic ACh receptors and these control negative selection. Read it here: rdcu.be/epjNm
www.nature.com/articles/s41...

Bat organoids reveal antiviral responses at epithelial surfaces Nature Immunology - Kellner et al. develop respiratory and intestinal organoids from Rousettus aegyptiacus to show elevated basal expression of interferon-ε (IFNε) and IFN-stimulated...

Penninger and colleagues developed bat respiratory and intestinal organoids and find there are type I and III IFN responses to viruses, including Marburg virus. Read it here: rdcu.be/epjMK
www.nature.com/articles/s41...

Congratulations to all of the trainee awardees at the recent Aegean Conference on Innate Immunity. Well done all!!!

GFI1-driven transcriptional and epigenetic programs maintain CD8+ T cell stemness and persistence - Nature Immunology Belz and colleagues show that GFI1, a transcriptional repressor that recruits histone-modifying enzymes, is necessary for the generation and maintenance of stem cell memory CD8+ T cells.

Chaudhry et al show that the transcriptional repressor GFI1 is required for the generation and maintenance of stem cell memory CD8+ T cells. Read it here:
www.nature.com/articles/s41...

Immune–epithelial–stromal networks define the cellular ecosystem of the small intestine in celiac disease Nature Immunology - FitzPatrick et al. use single-cell RNA and spatial transcriptomics to dissect the immune microenvironments within the small bowel mucosa in celiac disease.

Paul Klenerman and colleagues combine single cell and spatial transcriptomics to provide a resource of the immune environment in adults and children with celiac disease. Read it here: rdcu.be/el8rn
www.nature.com/articles/s41...

Mucosal unadjuvanted booster vaccines elicit local IgA responses by conversion of pre-existing immunity in mice Nature Immunology - Iwasaki and colleagues show that an intranasal booster with an unadjuvanted recombinant SARS-CoV-2 spike protein, after intramuscular immunization with an mRNA vaccine encoding...

Iwasaki and colleagues show that mucosal vaccine boosters can induce protective immune responses without any adjuvant by retooling lymph node resident memory B cells with memory T cells acting as a natural adjuvant. Read it here: rdcu.be/elTur
www.nature.com/articles/s41...

Inhibition of ENT1 relieves intracellular adenosine-mediated T cell suppression in cancer Nature Immunology - Metabolites in the tumor microenvironment, including adenosine, have been shown to suppress anti-tumor immune responses. Here, the authors show that T cell expression of...

Sanders et al find that T cells in the tumor can take up adenosine via ENT1 and this suppresses their anti-tumor response, ENT1 inhibition combined with anti-PD1 could control tumor growth in models resistant to immune checkpoint blockade. Read it here: rdcu.be/elTq8

www.nature.com/articles/s41...

This is figure 1, which shows a comparison of injectable and mucosal vaccines.

A Review in Nature provides an overview of progress and future directions in the development of nasally administered vaccines for respiratory infections. go.nature.com/44PuKMr #medsky 🧪

a yellow sign that says we 're hiring ALT: a yellow sign that says we 're hiring

Exciting news...Nature Methods is hiring a new editor! This exciting and dynamic role will be shared with the Nature Research Cross-Journal Editorial Team.

Apply here by June 1!
springernature.wd3.myworkdayjobs.com/SpringerNatu...

On the Covid SARS-CoV-2 variant front, new CDC update today
—LP.8.1 furthers its dominance
—No new emerging one of concern (some increase in XFC noted and will keep an eye on that)
—good, important for these reports to continue

Our application for the 2026 Vilcek Prizes in Creative Promise is now open through June 9th!! This year, we will be awarding 9 immigrants $50K prizes in Biomedical Science, Fashion & Culture, and Fashion & Design. Learn more and apply! vilcek.co/3FgJWYb

Join me at the @aai.org ASPIRE awards symposium and networking in room 312 starting now with @cobarnes27.bsky.social @guthmillerjenna.bsky.social and Mohammad Arifuzzaman #AAI2025

Tumour interstitial fluid-enriched phosphoethanolamine suppresses T cell function Nature Cell Biology - Wang, Wilfahrt and colleagues show that phosphoethanolamine, a phospholipid intermediate, is enriched in tumour interstitial fluid and induces T cell dysfunction, in part by...

😱 Tumors sabotaging the immune system! New study in @natcellbio.nature.com shows that phosphoethanolamine in tumor interstitial fluid disables T cells by depleting diacylglycerol, crippling their signaling. Big find from @delgoffelab.bsky.social.
🧪 doi.org/10.1038/s415...

Rhesus Cytomegalovirus-encoded Fcγ-binding glycoproteins facilitate viral evasion from IgG-mediated humoral immunity - Nature Communications The role of viral Fc-gamma receptors in rhesus cytomegalovirus (RhCMV) infection is unclear. Here, the authors characterized RhCMV vFcγRs and report that their deletion did not affect virus replication, tropism or superinfection in rhesus macaques but increased susceptibility of the virus to antibody control.

Viral immune evasion:

Cytomegalovirus Fcγ-binding glycoproteins facilitate viral evasion from IgG-mediated humoral immunity

#virology #immunology

Bespoke plant glycoconjugates for gut microbiota-mediated drug targeting The gut microbiota of mammals possess unique metabolic pathways with untapped therapeutic potential. Using molecular insights into dietary fiber metabolism by the human gut microbiota, we designed a t...

GlycoCaging, a targeted drug delivery system using plant oligosaccharide glycoconjugates, enables microbiota-activated colonic drug release, reducing off-target effects while maintaining drug efficacy in inflammatory bowel disease #NBThighlight www.science.org/doi/10.1126/...

Last Chance to Submit!
Late-breaking abstract submissions for #IUIS2025 close May 6!
Share your research with the global immunology community and help shape the science of tomorrow.
🔗 Submit here: iuis2025.org/abstracts/
#Immunology #Science2025 #CallForAbstracts #IUIS

Understanding Your Child’s Immune System - Immunology Explained Learn how your immune system changes as you get older, and how vaccines can aid in fighting off infections to help you stay healthy as you age.

Thimerosal is no longer used as a preservative in childhood vaccines. It has no relationship to autism and rates of autism have continued to rise even though it is not used anymore. Learn more: ow.ly/FwBx50VyRkh.

#ImmunologyExplained #Vaccines

Re-adenylation by TENT5A enhances efficacy of SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccines - Nature Upon intramuscular administration, COVID-19 mRNA vaccines are primarily taken up by macrophages, in which the cellular machinery extends their poly(A) tails, thereby increasing mRNA stability and translation, providing an explanation for the efficacy of these vaccines.

Nature research paper: Re-adenylation by TENT5A enhances efficacy of SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccines

https://go.nature.com/4cAPx85

Looking forward to discussing #innate_immunity at the upcoming conference in Sissi.

Looking forward to discussing research in #systems_immunology at CSHL (meetings.cshl.edu/meetings.asp...)

Applications are open for the 2026 Vilcek Creative Promise Prize in Biomedical Sciences. See below for more information on eligibility and application deadlines.