David Usharauli

NIH decision looms about caps on scholarly-journal publishing fees Researchers are pleased about possible limit to publishers’ profits but say the proposed change is imperfect

NIH decision looms about caps on scholarly-journal publishing fees

#NIH
#science
#publishing
#openaccess

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The Weekend Tunes

Kalifarniya- QYLYQ (🇰🇿 Kazakhstan)

#WorldMusic 🌍🎧
#MusicUnites ❤️🎵

www.youtube.com/watch?v=KOOk...

Foreign epitope–specific naïve Treg cells fine-tune the primary response of Tconv cells specific for the same epitope by curbing the Th1 fate while allowing a robust response @jimmunol.bsky.social @uminnpress.bsky.social
academic.oup.com/jimmunol/adv...

Foreign epitope–specific regulatory T cells respond robustly to vaccination and limit Th1 differentiation by conventional T cells specific for the same epitope Abstract. Foxp3+ regulatory T (Treg) cells with antigen receptors (TCRs) specific for host peptides suppress autoimmunity. Paradoxically, Treg cells are al

Listened to a Global ImmunoTalks seminar by Marc Jenkins on rare antigen-specific T cells in the naïve repertoire, including Tregs. Now it’s published in JI. Submission date June 30, one day later and it would’ve been free to read. Now? Nope.

#immunology

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Long-lived IgE plasma cells that reside in the spleen contribute to the persistence of the IgE response IgE plasma cells (PC) producing high affinity antibodies are critical players in allergic diseases. Allergies may persist or resolve over time, but the factors involved in their evolution are not…

New evidence shows that long-lived IgE plasma cells exist and are found mainly in the spleen rather than the bone marrow. This could add another layer to our understanding of how IgE drives persistent allergy.

#allergy
#immunology

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The anti-virus T cell response dominates the anti-cancer response in oncolytic virus therapy Oncolytic viruses have strong potential as immunotherapies. By causing cancer cells to die and relieve antigens, these viruses can stimulate robust, systemic immune responses that may eliminate…

Oncolytic viruses looked promising, but trials showed they could not eradicate metastasis. New experiments reveal why: they prime T cells against the virus, not the cancer.

#cancer
#immunotherapy
#oncolytic

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A Bacteroides fragilis protease activates host PAR2 to induce intestinal pain and inflammation Lakemeyer and colleagues analyze the secretome of gut bacteria to identify factors that target host PAR2. They find that the Bacteroides fragilis protease Bfp1 cleaves and activates PAR2, disrupting…

#Bacteroides fragilis was hyped for 15 years as a Treg inducer and anti-inflammatory so much so that biotech companies were founded on it to capitalize on the early data . Now? Oops.

#immunology
#science
#gut
#inflammation

The Weekend Tunes

FLM - Ráncok a szemem alatt (🇭🇺 Hungary)

FLM has returned after 30 years with a genuine new synthpop track.

#WorldMusic 🌍 🎧
#MusicUnites ❤️🎵

www.youtube.com/watch?v=gydv...

IL-21 mimic "21h10 led to lethal pancreatitis in mice, this toxicity could be mitigated by TNF blockade"

Yet it is still being described as a #breakthrough, which points to a serious lapse in both experimental judgment and peer review.

#immunology

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For now, the EU cannot turn away from Georgia, since Azerbaijani oil and gas flow through it. But once the Azerbaijan–Armenia–Türkiye corridor opens, Georgia could be discarded if Bidzina is still unwilling to meet EU expectations.

#Georgia
#GeorgiaProtest

This form of complex decision-making in the termite nervous system approaches that of primate, or at least mammalian, brains. It illustrates how nature often reuses fundamental neural architectures rather than constructing them anew.

#science

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"Science winnows submissions using a team of full-time professional editors" [former scientists]
This arrangement highlights a paradox of gatekeeping in #science, where editors with modest academic records decide the fate of more accomplished researchers.
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My only regret is that we didn't go with the title "One buffer to rule them all, and in the darkness bind them", although "Squeaky clean staining" was a pretty good options too!

🟥On the 255th day of her unlawful detention, Mzia Amaglobeli was nominated for #SakharovPrize

🟥Nomination “Mzia Amaglobeli and Georgia’s Pro-Democracy Protest Movement,” was initiated by Rasa Juknevičienė, Tobias Cremer, Petras Austrevicius, Sergey Lagodinsky, and co-signed by 66 MEPs from 5 groups

13. In summary: tolerance to self is a fixed, static system established at birth. It does not change dynamically during an individual’s life.

#immunology
#tolerance
#selfnonself
#science
#theory
#Foxp3
#Tregs

12. To tolerate such peptides, the corresponding Tregs would already need to exist at birth. This implies that the peptides or their mimics are already present in the thymus, allowing Tregs to develop.

11. Some argue that the appearance of new self-peptides in the absence of inflammation could inactivate T cells or induce Tregs to suppress reactions. This does not work, because the timing of new self-peptides cannot be perfectly controlled to occur only without inflammation.

10. Thymic negative selection and thymus-derived Tregs work to maintain this rigid system of self-nonself discrimination. Another reason self cannot be dynamic: if a self-peptide appeared later in life, how would T cells know it is self?

9. Why must the self-peptide pool be fixed and static? Because otherwise, self-nonself discrimination at the T cell level would fail. The only way to separate peptides that are physically identical is temporal: peptides present at birth = self, peptides appearing later = nonself.

8. All relevant self-peptides or their cross-reactive mimics that need to be assigned as self are already present at birth. No dynamic changes are necessary later.

7. Initially, some thought that self-peptides appearing later in life should also be categorized as self, implying a dynamic learning process. This is incorrect.

6. Of course, evolution allows random changes in the self-peptide pool through mutation, which is why individuals may differ in their T cell responses to antigens.

5. Any peptide presented by the thymus at birth is assigned the self category, and anything else is nonself. This assignment does not change for the rest of the individual’s life.

4. At the individual level, the immune system does not learn, and cannot learn, what is self and what is nonself under natural conditions. Learning occurs only at the evolutionary population level, but for an individual, it is fixed and unchangeable.

3. This raises a question: how can T cells assign a “nonself” property to a peptide that is otherwise not recognized as foreign by any other system? Is it a learning process like neurons in the central nervous system? The answer is no.

2. the adaptive immune system, such as T cells, make self-nonself discrimination independently of the physical or biochemical properties of the ligand. T cells simply recognize small fragments of proteins called peptides, which are indistinguishable between self and foreign.

Why T Cell Tolerance Is Fixed from Birth

1. Unlike the innate immune system, which uses receptors to discriminate self from nonself based on biochemical features of the ligand (like LPS, foreign DNA, or foreign RNA)

#immunology
#tolerance
#selfnonself
#science
#theory
#Tregs

They now rewrote it

Thought I’d seen great series, but 'The Leopard' sets an entirely new standard. A stunning portrayal of Sicily’s transformation during Italian unification. Absolutely splendid. Only Sweden’s 'Anno 1790' compares.

#Netflix
#Leopard
#TVseries

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Not just ‘memory T cells act as microbial surrogates to drive innate immune activation and inflammation’, activated CD4 T cells can as well. This is precisely why only antigen-specific Tregs can keep anti-self T cell responses from spiraling out.

#Foxp3

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